↑direct bilirubin = intra-hepatic or post-hepatic↔direct bilirubin = pre-hepatic causeAlanine transaminase (ALT)Aspartate transaminase (AST)Blood↑ALT & ↑AST = hepatocellular damage↑ALT<↑↑AST = ethanol↑↑↑ALT>↑↑AST = viral, shock liverAlkaline phosphatase (ALP)Blood↑↑ALP = cholestasisNon-specific, also…
Figure 28.1 Differential diagnosis of delayed emergence for the intubated patient. TOF, train-of-four; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; EEG, electroencephalogram. Figure 28.2 Differential diagnosis of delayed emergence for the extubated patient. BiPAP,…
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> Chapter 50 PACU emergencies Robert F. OlszewskiJr. Post-Anesthesia Care: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Management, ed. James W. Heitz. Published by Cambridge University Press. © Cambridge University Press…
ESRD – Careful use or best to avoidFentanylAppears safeHydromorphoneCRF – Careful useESRD – Careful use, may accumulate but dialyzableHydrocodoneMetabolized to hydromorphone, see previousOxycodoneCRF – Careful useESRD – Best to avoidCodeineAvoidPropoxypheneAvoid…
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> Chapter 48 Special considerations for the renal failure patient Eric S. Schwenk Post-Anesthesia Care: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Management, ed. James W. Heitz. Published by Cambridge University…
Figure 47.1 Illustration of (L) chronic co-morbidities associated with the obese patient and (R) the acute perioperative concerns important to the anesthetic management of the obese patient. Adapted from: A….
Animal studies: show adverse effectCategory CHuman studies: no controlled studies done, no data availableAnimal studies: adverse effects (teratogenic, embryocidal). Only give if benefits outweigh risksCategory DHuman studies: positive evidence of…
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> Chapter 46 Special considerations for the cardiac patient with implanted devices Ryan P. Maxwell and Jordan E. Goldhammer Post-Anesthesia Care: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Management, ed. James…
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> Chapter 44 Special considerations for the pediatric patient Peter Jonathan Gambino, Allan F. Simpao, and Zvi Grunwald Post-Anesthesia Care: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Management, ed. James W….
