Sacroiliac Joint Pain
(1) Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK The sacroiliac joint is a diarthrodial joint (synovial). It is the largest axial joint in the body and is formed…
Lumbar Discogenic Pain
(1) Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK The intervertebral disc can cause pain because of intrinsic degenerative process or compression producing radicular symptoms. It is responsible for…
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
(1) Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK It is radicular pain and/or radiculopathy because of narrowing of the spinal canal and compression of the nerve roots. It…
Lumbar Facet Joint Pain
(1) Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK Lumbar zygapophyseal joints are synovial joints with a fibrous capsule. Each joint has superior and inferior articular processes. The medial…
Lumbar Radiculopathy
(1) Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK It is a disorder of the spinal nerve roots presenting as pain in lumbar pattern. Radicular pain in association with…
Breakthrough Pain
(1) Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK Cancer patients experience episodes of increase in pain on a background of continuous pain. Breakthrough pain is defined as a…
Assessment of Cancer Pain
(1) Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK The quality of life is severely affected because of pain in cancer patients. Pain relief can be obtained with optimal…
Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Cancer Pain
(1) Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK Pain in cancer can be assessed only clinically. It is not a well-defined identity. It may be due to tumour,…
Pain Management and Substance Abuse
(1) Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK Substance abuse may be seen with opioids, cannabis, cocaine, hypnotics and sedatives. Cannabis is the drug most frequently abused (45…
