FIG. 47.1 Electromagnetic spectrum. (From Rothrock JC: Alexander’s care of the patient in surgery, ed 15, St. Louis, MO, 2015, Elsevier.) Laser light differs from ordinary light in three distinct ways that…
Fio2, Fraction of inspired oxygen concentration. Mechanical Ventilation Rarely, some patients who are recovering from anesthesia may need some form of mechanical ventilation in the PACU. Various techniques such as…
Other opioid subtypes exist in animals, such as kappa-1, kappa-2, and kappa-3. Mu-1 and mu-2 agonists have not been developed for human use. From Nagelhout JJ, Plaus KL: Nurse anesthesia,…
FIG. 16.1 The digestive system and its associated structures. The Stomach The stomach can be anatomically divided into the following three sections: the fundus, the body, and the pyloric portion (Fig….
HEPA, High-efficiency particulate air; IM, intramuscular; IV, intravenous; MU, million units; NA, not applicable; PCN, penicillin; PO, by mouth. From Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Severe acute respiratory syndrome…
From American Diabetes Association: Diabetes Care 36(Suppl. 1):S13, 2013. Hyperglycemia is most often cited as the primary problem with diabetes. However, it is usually the resultant long-term physiologic changes from…
∗ Not a complete list. From Herron AJ, Brennan TK: The ASAM essentials of addiction medicine, ed 2, Philadelphia, PA, 2015, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. Opioid Analgesics Opioids are natural and…
FIG. 17.1 Layers of epidermis. (From Monahan FD, et al.: Phipps’ medical-surgical nursing health and illness perspectives, ed 8, St. Louis, MO, 2007, Elsevier.) The granular layer, or stratum granulosum, contains three or…
FIG. 6.1 Uninsured rates among adults ages 19 to 64, 2003 to 2012. (Note: Subgroups may not sum to totals because of rounding.) FPL, Federal poverty level. (From Collins SR, et al: Insuring…
FIG. 18.1 Schematic overview of humoral and cellular immunologic pathways and resulting effector substances or mechanisms of activity. The immunoglobulins are large proteins (molecular weights from 150,000 to 900,000 daltons) with…
