Injury severity score <25 GCS <9 Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg Pulse >90/min Increased transfusion requirement Increased volume replacement Associated injuries (AIS >3) Head Chest Abdomen Spine Comorbidities Haematological disease…
Fig. 24.1 (a) Thoracic spine burst fracture of T6 with corpectomy and stabilization of body with titanium mesh gauge and small fragment plate. Spinal cord is exposed. (b) PLA membrane…
Closed fracture G0: No injury or very minor soft tissue injury. The G0 classification covers simple fractures, i.e., fractures caused by indirect injury mechanisms Closed fracture G1: Inside-out contusions caused…
Conditions Change during pregnancy Normal pregnancy values Cardiovascular Heart rate Increases 15–20 bpm 75–95 bpm Cardiac output Increases 30–50 % 6–8 l/min Mean arterial blood pressure Decreases 10 mmHg in…
Study Fracture type Follow-up Patientb Pain Functional disability RTW Neurologic impairments Pohlemann (1994) Unstable fractures 2.2 years 58 11–66 % No data No data 21–60 % Miranda (1996) Pelvic ring…
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016Hans-Christoph Pape, Roy Sanders and Joseph Borrelli, Jr. (eds.)The Poly-Traumatized Patient with Fractures10.1007/978-3-662-47212-5_29 29. Outcome After Extremity Injuries Boris A. Zelle1 (1) Division of Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health…
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016Hans-Christoph Pape, Roy Sanders and Joseph Borrelli, Jr. (eds.)The Poly-Traumatized Patient with Fractures10.1007/978-3-662-47212-5_28 28. Psychological Sequelae After Severe Trauma Bianca Voss1 , Frank Schneider2, 3 and Ute Habel2, 3 (1) Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychological…
Fig. 14.1 ATLS® algorithm and spine trauma assessment. In step A, cervical spine (C-Spine) protection is essential. Every unconscious patient is stabilized by a stiff-neck orthosis. Patients with signs of…
Frailty criteria Measurement Shrinkage Loss of 10 or more pounds in the last year Weakness Decreased grip strength (<20 % by gender and BMI) Exhaustion Self reported “exhaustion,” poor energy…
Fig. 5.1 Danger sensing mechanisms at trauma. DAMPs danger associated molecular patterns, PAMPs pathogen associated molecular patterns Cytokines are polypeptides that are produced from a variety of cells such as…
