Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring
Fig. 14.1 Fetal heart tracing Answers 1. This tracing contains multiple decelerations. Decelerations are characterized by a decrease from baseline of at least 15 beats per minute (BPM), lasting at…
Small Bowel Obstruction
Fig. 21.1 Classic X-ray finding of SBO-dilated small bowel with air–fluid level within the bowel. © Dale Dangleben, MD Fig. 21.2 CT scan with extensive small bowel dilatation and fluid filled consistently…
Toxic Megacolon
Fig. 23.1 A patient with fulminant C. difficile colitis developed toxic megacolon with marked thickening of the colonic wall. © Dale Dangleben, MD Complications Toxic megacolon is a serious disease. Complications…
Paraesophageal Hernia
Fig. 16.1 This CT scan illustrates a gastric volvulus of a paraesophageal hernia. The “swirl” is seen within the stomach in the chest. © Dale Dangleben, MD Fig. 16.2 Large paraesophageal hernia…
Small Bowel Perforation
Category Specific causes Trauma Penetrating Blunt Infection Cytomegalovirus Salmonella Tuberculosis Ascaris lumbricoides Entameba histolytica Obstruction Adhesions Hernia Neoplasm Closed-loop obstruction Medication related NSAIDs Potassium chloride Steroids Chemotherapy Immune modulators (bevacizumab)…
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Fig. 25.1 Active bleeding from the base of an ulcer. © Dale Dangleben, MD Fig. 25.2 Blood clot overlying an ulcer. © Dale Dangleben, MD For bleeding duodenal ulcers, longitudinal duodenotomy should…
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Fig. 9.1 Small bowel AVM seen on mesenteric angiography. © Dale Dangleben, MD Fig. 9.2 a, b Endoscopic view of AV malformation. © Dale Dangleben, MD Fig. 9.3 a, b Colon adenocarcinoma. ©…
