Chapter 29 – Pancreas
Abstract The pancreas lies transversely in the retroperitoneum, at the L1–L2 vertebral level, between the duodenum and the hilum of the spleen. The head of the pancreas lies over the…
Chapter 35 – Emergency Hysterectomy
Abstract The uterus, adnexa, superior bladder, and upper rectum are peritonealized. These structures attach to the pelvis and to one another via a variety of peritoneal reflections and vascular and…
Chapter 41 – Popliteal Vessels
Abstract The popliteal fossa is diamond-shaped and its borders are formed by the semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles superiomedially, the biceps femoris muscle superiolaterally, the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle…
Chapter 34 – Cesarean Section
Abstract The overall pelvic anatomy and orientation of the pelvic organs is similar to the nongravid state (see Chapter 35 Emergency Hysterectomy) with the following exceptions: Prior to the 12th…
Chapter 49 – Temporary Vascular Shunts
Abstract The indications for shunting after vascular injury include damage control for patients in extremis, the presence of associated fractures requiring fixation, the need for transportation to specialized centers for…
Chapter 36 – Damage Control for Pelvic Fracture Bleeding
Abstract Severe bleeding in complex pelvic fractures usually originates from branches of the internal iliac artery, presacral venous plexus, fractured bones, and soft tissues. Major iliac vascular injuries are encountered…
Chapter 22 – General Principles of Abdominal Operations for Trauma
Abstract The anterior abdominal wall has four muscles: The external oblique, the internal oblique, the transversalis, and the rectus muscles. The aponeuroses of the first three muscles form the rectus…
Chapter 17 – Lungs
Abstract The trachea divides into the right and left main bronchi at the level of the sternal angle (T4 level). The right bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical compared…
Chapter 40 – Femoral Artery Injuries
Abstract The common femoral artery is a continuation of the external iliac artery and is approximately 4 cm long. It begins directly behind the inguinal ligament, midway between the anterior…
Chapter 27 – Liver and Biliary Tract Injuries
Abstract The liver is tethered by the following ligaments: The falciform ligament attaches the liver anteriorly to the diaphragm and the anterior abdominal wall above the umbilicus. The coronary ligaments…
