Mitochondrial Disease
Key points ▪ Oxidative phosphorylation is critical to aerobic cellular energy production. ▪ Five enzyme complexes make up the electron transport chain, encoded by nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA…
Mineral, Vitamin, and Herbal Supplements
Key points ▪ With use of alternative medicines such as minerals, vitamins, and herbals increasing worldwide, the medical community needs a more comprehensive understanding of these agents. ▪ Anesthesiologists need…
Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders
Key points ▪ An estimated 26.2% of Americans age 18 and older have a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year (58 million people). ▪ Mental disorders and their associated…
Hematologic Diseases
Key points ▪ Preoperative recognition of anemia is essential to provide a systems approach to treatment. ▪ The decision to transfuse a patient with blood products should be based on…
Congenital Heart Disease
Key points ▪ Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect requiring invasive treatment. ▪ With improved medical, surgical, and perioperative care, about 1 million children and 1…
Skin and Bone Disorders
Key Points ▪ Achondroplasia frequently makes airway management difficult for patients, and unstable cervical spine anatomy presents the risk of neurologic injury. Postoperative respiratory insufficiency may be a challenge. ▪…
Muscle Diseases
Key points ▪ Patients with muscular diseases have a postoperative pulmonary complication rate of 25% to 48%. Their inability to take deep inspirations and cough predisposes them to atelectasis and…
Neurologic Diseases
Key points ▪ Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSNs) are disorders of myelination of the peripheral nervous system resulting in progressive loss of motor and sensory function. ▪ In familial…
Renal Diseases
Key points ▪ The presence of chronic or acute kidney disease has significant negative effects on surgical outcomes. Knowledge of key pathophysiologic aspects of glomerular and tubular disorders is a…
