Neurophysiology
Abstract Cerebrospinal fluid is a fluid covering the brain and spinal cord. Initially thought to be present inside the skull with the purpose to reduce the buoyancy of the brain…
Neuroembryology
Abstract Embryology is a branch of science that is related to the formation, growth, and development of embryo. It deals with the prenatal stage of development beginning from formation of…
Blood–Brain Barrier
Abstract The blood–brain barrier (BBB) provides a complex network of cells and supporting structures that maintain separation of brain parenchyma and cellular material. This chapter discusses the mechanism and functionality…
Liver Diseases
Key Points ▪ The liver receives a dual afferent blood supply; the portal vein provides 75% and the hepatic artery 25% of hepatic inflow. With differences in oxygen content, each…
The Pediatric Patient
Key Points ▪ Survival of the neonate depends on pulmonary vascular resistance transitioning from a high to a low state. PVR is increased by hypoxemia acidosis, hypothermia, and stress; inability…
Pregnancy and Obstetric Complications
Key points ▪ Airway changes throughout pregnancy worsen during labor and delivery as a result of mucosal edema. ▪ Anesthetic agents are not teratogenic; however, inhalation anesthetics and many intravenous…
Infectious Diseases and Biologic Weapons
Key Points ▪ Patients with severe sepsis are at particular risk for hepatic and renal injuries. ▪ The major cardiovascular events in sepsis are vasoplegia, reduced stroke volume, and microcirculatory…
Diseases of the Endocrine System
Key points ▪ Anesthetic management of endocrine surgical patients should consider not only the organ of interest but also the end-organ consequences of the endocrine dysfunction and possible rare syndromes….
Trauma and Acute Care
Key points ▪ Trauma is the 10th leading cause of death globally (16,000 people daily). Motor vehicle crashes, firearms, poisoning, falls, and suffocation account for 81% of all trauma deaths….
The Geriatric Patient
Key points ▪ Patients with Huntington’s disease are at higher risk of pulmonary aspiration, altered anesthetic pharmacology, and worsening generalized tonic spasms. Rapid-sequence induction with cricoid pressure is recommended for…
