Procedural Sedation and Analgesia
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation and heart rate will identify the most common serious risk of sedation, hypoxia. Combinations of drugs may increase adverse effects…
Approach to the Patient with Rash
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Primary lesions are uncomplicated abnormalities that represent the initial pathologic change. Secondary changes reflect progression of disease. Diagnosis depends upon identification of the primary lesion….
Foreign Bodies
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Endobronchial and esophageal foreign bodies are marked by three clinical stages—an initial symptomatic stage of coughing, choking, and discomfort and a stage of relative amelioration…
Neck Masses
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Most common neck masses in children are benign reactive lymphadenopathy and lymphadenitis. Congenital neck lesions can present even after the first decade of life often…
Crying Infant
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen The infant cry may signal hunger, an unmet need for attention, need for a diaper change, or distress or pain. An infant not interacting with…
Chest Pain
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Children with chest pain present to the emergency department (ED) at a rate of 3 to 6 for every 1000 patient visits. In the majority…
Minor Head Trauma
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Although minor head injury is a frequent reason for emergency department (ED) visits by children, clinically significant traumatic brain injury (TBI) is uncommon. Clinical decision…
Altered Mental Status and Coma
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen For coma to occur there must be an insult to both cerebral hemispheres or to the reticular activating system. Decorticate posturing signifies dysfunction of the…
Respiratory Distress
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Tachypnea, hyperpnea, nasal flaring, and retractions are the key features of respiratory distress. Respiratory failure is the most common precipitating cause of cardiopulmonary arrest in…
The Febrile- or Septic-Appearing Infant or Child
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Children typically have four to six febrile illnesses in the first two years of life with most of these being nonspecific viral illnesses. Widespread vaccination…
