Heart Failure in Infants and Children

Jan 9, 2019 by in EMERGENCY MEDICINE Comments Off on Heart Failure in Infants and Children

HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen New-onset heart failure may be difficult to diagnose in children, as symptoms closely mimic common respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses, or even sepsis, diverting attention from…

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Asthma

Jan 9, 2019 by in EMERGENCY MEDICINE Comments Off on Asthma

HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is defined as “a common chronic disorder…

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Inflammatory and Infectious Heart Disease

Jan 9, 2019 by in EMERGENCY MEDICINE Comments Off on Inflammatory and Infectious Heart Disease

HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Older children with pericarditis most often present with chest pain in combination with other symptoms. Fever, tachycardia, friction rub, and electrocardiographic changes may be noted….

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Thromboembolic Disease

Jan 9, 2019 by in EMERGENCY MEDICINE Comments Off on Thromboembolic Disease

HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen The greatest risk factor for thromboembolic disease in children is an indwelling central venous catheter. Disease patterns for pulmonary embolism in children and adolescents are…

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Pediatric Hypertension

Jan 9, 2019 by in EMERGENCY MEDICINE Comments Off on Pediatric Hypertension

HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen If an initial oscillometric (automated) blood pressure measurement is abnormal, the initial measurement should be discarded and two additional oscillometric measurements obtained. If the average…

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Pneumonia

Jan 9, 2019 by in EMERGENCY MEDICINE Comments Off on Pneumonia

HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Presenting signs and symptoms of pneumonia in infants and children may be nonspecific. The primary predictor of the etiologic agent for infectious pneumonia is the…

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Cystic Fibrosis

Jan 9, 2019 by in EMERGENCY MEDICINE Comments Off on Cystic Fibrosis

HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-limiting autosomal recessive disease among Caucasians in the United States. Most patients with CF have the classic triad…

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Pertussis

Jan 9, 2019 by in EMERGENCY MEDICINE Comments Off on Pertussis

HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Pertussis can occur in any age group, but is most severe in infants <4 to 6 months. Consider pertussis in patients of any age with…

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Bronchiolitis

Jan 9, 2019 by in EMERGENCY MEDICINE Comments Off on Bronchiolitis

HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Bronchiolitis is a self-limited, virally mediated, acute inflammatory disease of the lower respiratory tract, resulting in obstruction of the small airways that occurs almost exclusively…

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Upper Airway Emergencies

Jan 9, 2019 by in EMERGENCY MEDICINE Comments Off on Upper Airway Emergencies

HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen The most common cause of acute upper airway obstruction is croup. Other causes include epiglottitis, foreign-body obstruction, peritonsillar abscess, bacterial tracheitis, and retropharyngeal abscess. Upper…

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