Acidosis, Renal Tubular
Risk • Incidence in USA: Unknown • Present in a variety of disease states, from mild to severe systemic illness Perioperative Risks • Hemodynamic instability (related to arteriolar vasodilation, acidosis,…
Acidosis, Lactic/Metabolic
Risk • Incidence in USA: Unknown • Present in a variety of disease states, from mild to severe systemic illness Perioperative Risks • Hemodynamic instability (due to arteriolar vasodilation and…
Achondroplasia, Dwarfism
Risk • 1 per 15,000 to 40,000 births worldwide • Females ≥ males • No race predilection • Most common type of dwarfism Perioperative Risks • Cervical spine instability •…
Abruptio Placentae
Risk • Occurs in 0.4-1% of pregnancies, and the incidence is increasing, particularly among African Americans. • Associated with the following conditions: preeclampsia, hypertension, chorioamnionitis, cocaine use, alcohol use, trauma,…
Postoperative Cardiovascular Management
Key Points 1. Maintaining oxygen transport and oxygen delivery appropriately to meet the tissue metabolic needs is the goal of postoperative circulatory control. 2. Cardiac function worsens after cardiac surgical…
Postoperative Pain Management for the Cardiac Patient
Key Points 1. Inadequate postoperative analgesia and/or an uninhibited perioperative surgical stress response has the potential to initiate pathophysiologic changes in all major organ systems, which may lead to substantial…
Thoracic Aorta
Key Points 1. Diseases of the thoracic aorta can occasionally be managed with medical treatment and surveillance, whereas others require surgical intervention. Depending on the disease process, some surgeries may…
Long-Term Complications and Management
Key Points 1. Cardiac surgical patients are at significant risk from preventable adverse events. These events occur through human error, by either faulty decision making (diagnosis, decision for treatment) or…
Central Nervous System Dysfunction After Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Key Points 1. Despite a progressive decrease in cardiac surgical mortality, the incidence of postoperative neurologic complications has remained relatively unchanged over the decades. 2. The risk for stroke in…
Cardiopulmonary Bypass Management and Organ Protection
Key Points 1. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with a number of profound physiologic perturbations. The central nervous system, kidneys, gut, and heart are especially vulnerable to ischemic events associated…
