CHAPTER 32 Percutaneous Disc Decompressions Sanjay Bakshi and Gerard W. Abrahamsen INDICATIONS Percutaneous disc decompression (PDD) is a minimally invasive procedure performed under fluoroscopic guidance for the treatment of lower…
CHAPTER 30 Percutaneous Facet Fusion Rinoo V. Shah BACKGROUND As surgical technology becomes less invasive, interventional pain physicians will play an increasing role in delivering this care. Facet mediated pain…
CHAPTER 15 Atlanto-Axial Joint Injections Andrea Trescot INTRODUCTION The atlanto-occipital (AO) and atlanto-axial (AA) joints are unique joints in the spine, connecting the cervical region to the base of the…
CHAPTER 31 Provocative Discogram Vikram B. Patel and Sudhir Diwan INTRODUCTION Discography has been practiced by interventional pain physicians for the last few decades in an attempt to identify the…
CHAPTER 14 Atlanto-Occipital Joint Injections Andrea Trescot INTRODUCTION The atlanto-occipital (AO) and atlanto-axial (AA) joints are unique joints in the spine, connecting the cervical region to the base of the…
CHAPTER 72 Anterograde Versus Retrograde Lead Placement Marshall D. Bedder INDICATIONS The discussion for an anterograde approach versus a retrograde approach to lead placement for spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has…
CHAPTER 66 Choosing Intrathecal Medication Philip S. Kim and Sudhir Diwan INTRODUCTION • Intraspinal delivery of drugs via implantable drug delivery systems (IDDS) has been available since the early 1980s. • These…
CHAPTER 80 Radiofrequency Neurolysis Anand Thakur and Peter S. Staats INTRODUCTION A careful history and physical examination that implicates the lumbar facets/zygapophyseal joints and its innervations via the lumbar medial…
