Case 32: Angiography
Fig. 32.1 The MRI clearly shows a hyperdensity in the right occipital lobe. An arteriovenous malformation was the cause of the bleeding After the MRI, the neurosurgeon Dr. Faith came…
Case 2: Elbow Dislocation with Fracture
WFNS classification [7] Grade Classification Hunt and Hess [4] Clinical appearance Glasgow Coma Scale 15 0 Asymptomatic recognition of an unruptured aneurysm No motor deficit 15 1 Asymptomatic with minimal…
Case 27: Dyspnea
Clinical characteristic Point value Malignancy 1 Paralysis/immobilization of a lower extremity 1 Bedridden >3 days or extensive surgery <12 weeks earlier 1 Pain/swelling localized along the deep venous system 1…
Case 13: Spinal Stenosis
Fig. 13.1 Pressure–volume curve of the left ventricle In diastolic heart failure, there is a relaxation disorder of the left ventricle, which causes diastolic pressure increases during ventricle filling (d…
Case 5: TUR of the Prostate
TURP syndrome Na+ (mEq/l) Low 135–125 Moderate 125–120 Moderately critical 110–120 Critical <110 Rough calculations of the absorbed volume can be done with (Eq. 5.1): (5.1) (ECF = extracellular fluid ≈ 20 % of…
Tips to Reduce Human Errors
Human factors Description Examples Possible problem-solving strategies Actionism Spontaneous acts without consideration of goals Thereby neglecting to perform necessary steps and overlooking relevant information Case 24 Extubation of a patient…
Case 28: Strabismus Surgery
Fig. 28.1 Schematic presentation of the oculocardiac reflex. The afferents (dotted line) travel via the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. After synapsing at the brain stem, the efferent impulse…
Case 9: D&C
Severity Systolic pressure gradient [mmHg] Area of valve opening [cm2] I <40 >1.5 II 40–80 0.8–1.5 III 81–120 0.4–0.8 IV >120 <0.4 Aortic valve stenosis increases systolic resistance. The increased…
Case 22: Knee Joint Replacement
Fig. 22.1 Algorithm of the Department of Anesthesiology of the University Hospital Dresden for perioperative glucocorticoid substitution in patients with Cushing’s syndrome or long-term corticosteroid therapy The anesthesiologist who performed…
Case 19: Frozen Shoulder
Medication class Agent Analgesics Codeine, morphine Antibiotics/antiviral drugs/antimycotics Acyclovir, amphotericin B, cephalosporin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, metronidazole, rifampicin, penicillin Anticonvulsants Phenytoin, phenobarbital Cardiovascular active medications Clonidine, captopril, digoxin, nifedipine, propranolol Drugs Alcohol,…
