1. While many patients with a diagnosis of asthma have relatively uneventful anesthetics, all children who carry that diagnosis should be carefully and thoroughly evaluated prior to induction and plans made…
1. The four components of the motor unit are the motor neuron, the axon of that motor neuron, the neuromuscular junction, and the muscle fibers innervated by the dendrites of the…
1. Children should not be transported to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) until they have a patent airway, adequate gas exchange, stable HR and BP, and SpO2 at or close to…
1. In pediatric anesthesia, the evaluation of the patient’s psychological state is of particular importance. 2. There are no routine laboratory evaluations for pediatric patients. Rather, the specific procedure will dictate what…
1. Informed consent is the process by which adult patients’ autonomy and agency are honored in medicine decision making. 2. In pediatrics, parents are the surrogate decision makers for the children, and…
II.Asthma A. Introduction 1. Asthma presentation and symptoms. Asthma causes episodic partially reversible airway obstruction resulting from bronchoconstriction, inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and mucous plugging. Symptoms include wheezing, chest tightness, difficulty breathing, and…
I. Introduction II. Focused cardiac ultrasound A. Introduction B. Techniques C. Clinical applications D. FoCUS training, certification, and program maintenance III. Pulmonary ultrasound A. Introduction B. Technique C. Applications IV….
3. Left heart obstruction (mitral valve area <2 cm2, aortic valve area <1.5 cm2, or peak left ventricular outflow tract gradient >30 mm Hg by echocardiography) 4. Reduced left ventricular function (ejection…
