Anesthesia for Ophthalmologic Surgery Kathryn E. Mcgoldrick Steven I. Gayer Key Points Although apprehension is predictable in potentially blind patients awaiting surgery, this problem is often exacerbated in the elderly,…
Infectious Diseases and Infection Control in Anesthesia Courtney Maxey-Jones Elizabeth Cox Williams I. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that in the United States, there are approximately 1.7…
Specific Considerations with Endocrine Disease Becky Y. K. Tsui Robert A. Peterfreund Stephanie L. Lee I. DIABETES MELLITUS A. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic systemic disease characterized by an…
Specific Considerations with Cardiac Disease Christina Anne Jelly Olof Viktorsdottir I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS An estimated one in three of Americans has one or more types of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mortality…
Specific Considerations with Liver Disease Matthew C. Gertsch Wilton C. Levine I. HEPATIC ANATOMY A. Liver Structure 1. The anatomic unit of the liver is lobule. The lobule is composed…
Specific Considerations with Renal Disease Samuel Vanderhoek William Benedetto I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Approximately 5% of the population has renal disease, with a trend toward increasing prevalence with age. Perioperative renal…
Anesthesia and Obesity Brenda A. Bucklin Ana Fernandez-Bustamante Key Points Neck circumference is the single best predictor of problematic intubation in morbidly obese patients. A larger neck circumference is associated…
Specific Considerations with Pulmonary Disease Yiuka Leung Kenneth E. Shepherd I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Postoperative pulmonary complications (POPCs) such as exacerbation of preexisting lung disease, pneumonia, and/or respiratory failure are as…
Anesthesia for Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgeries Girish P. Joshi Anthony Cunningham Key Points Minimally invasive surgery reduces surgical stress and postoperative pain as well as reduces overall morbidity, thus resulting…
Echocardiography Albert C. Perrino Jr. Wanda M. Popescu Nikolaos J. Skubas Key Points Understanding the principles of ultrasound and echo cardiographic instrumentation is essential in optimizing image quality. Performing a…
