Spinal Cord Stimulation
(1) Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK It is the use of electric energy in the vicinity of the spinal cord. The leads are placed in the…
Radiofrequency Treatment
(1) Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK High-frequency electric current has been in use for a long time for treating pain. The nerves are coagulated by passing…
Cervical Radiculopathy
(1) Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK It is the painful involvement of cervical spinal nerve roots. It presents with pain in the neck radiating to the…
Cervical Facet Pain
(1) Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK It is a mix of symptoms with pain in the neck, head, shoulder and upper extremity. The pain does not…
Piriformis Syndrome
(1) Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK It is a neuropathy which presents with pain, numbness and paraesthesias in the distribution of sciatic nerve. Sciatic nerve is…
Sacroiliac Joint Pain
(1) Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK The sacroiliac joint is a diarthrodial joint (synovial). It is the largest axial joint in the body and is formed…
Lumbar Discogenic Pain
(1) Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK The intervertebral disc can cause pain because of intrinsic degenerative process or compression producing radicular symptoms. It is responsible for…
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
(1) Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK It is radicular pain and/or radiculopathy because of narrowing of the spinal canal and compression of the nerve roots. It…
Lumbar Facet Joint Pain
(1) Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK Lumbar zygapophyseal joints are synovial joints with a fibrous capsule. Each joint has superior and inferior articular processes. The medial…
