Study |
Drug |
Diagnosis |
Design |
Number of Patients Treated with Active Drug |
Maximal Dosage (mg) per Day |
Treatment Duration (wk) |
Results |
Rull et al.43 |
Carbamazepine |
PDN |
Crossover |
30 |
400 |
2 |
A > P |
Wilton44 |
Carbamazepine |
PDN |
Crossover |
40 |
400 |
2 |
A > P |
Gomez-Perez et al.19 |
Carbamazepine |
PDN |
Crossover |
16 |
200 |
4 |
A = nortriptyline |
Nicol45 |
Carbamazepine |
TN |
Crossover |
20 |
2,400 |
2 |
A > P |
Campbell et al.46 |
Carbamazepine |
TN |
Crossover |
77 |
800 |
2 |
A > P |
Killian and Fromm47 |
Carbamazepine |
TN |
Crossover |
27 |
1,000 |
5 d |
A > P |
Vilming252 |
Carbamazepine |
TN |
Parallel |
6 |
900 |
3 |
A > tizanidine |
Lechin et al.253 |
Carbamazepine |
TN |
Crossover |
48 |
1,200 |
8 |
A < pimozide |
Lindstrom254 |
Carbamazepine |
TN |
Crossover |
12 |
Maximal tolerated |
2 |
A = tocainide |
Shaikh et al.48 |
Carbamazepine |
TN |
Crossover |
21 |
1,200 |
6 |
A > lamotriginea |
Harke et al.49 |
Carbamazepine |
Mixed types |
Parallel |
43 |
600 |
8 d |
A > P |
Dogra et al.50 |
Oxcarbazepine |
PDN |
Parallel |
69 |
1,800 |
16 |
A > P |
Grosskopf et al.51 |
Oxcarbazepine |
PDN |
Parallel |
71 |
1,200 |
16 |
A = P |
Beydoun et al.52 |
Oxcarbazepine |
PDN |
Parallel |
258 |
1,800 |
16 |
A = P |
Demant et al.53 |
Oxcarbazepine |
Mixed types |
Crossover |
83 |
2,400 |
6 |
A > P |
Backonja et al.54 |
Gabapentin |
PDN |
Parallel |
84 |
3,600 |
8 |
A > P |
Morello et al.255 |
Gabapentin |
PDN |
Crossover |
26 |
1,800 |
6 |
A = amitriptyline |
Dallocchio et al.55 |
Gabapentin |
PDN |
Parallel |
13 |
2,400 |
12 |
A > amitriptyline |
Simpson et al.56 |
Gabapentin |
PDN |
Parallel |
30 |
3,600 |
8 |
A > P |
Pandey et al.57 |
Gabapentin |
GBS |
Crossover |
18 |
15 mg/kg |
1 |
A > P |
Pandey et al.58 |
Gabapentin |
GBS |
Parallel |
12 |
900 |
1 |
A > P |
Hahn et al.59 |
Gabapentin |
HIV-N |
Parallel |
15 |
2,400 |
4 |
A > P |
Caraceni et al.60 |
Gabapentin |
NCP |
Parallel |
79 |
1,800 |
8 d |
A > P |
Mishra et al.61 |
Gabapentin |
NCP |
Parallel |
30 |
1,800 |
4 |
A = P
A = amitriptyline
A < pregabalina |
Rice and Maton62 |
Gabapentin |
PHN |
Parallel |
223 |
2,400 |
7 |
A > P |
Rowbotham et al.63 |
Gabapentin |
PHN |
Parallel |
113 |
3,600 |
8 |
A > P |
Chandra et al.64 |
Gabapentin |
PHN |
Parallel |
34 |
2,700 |
8 |
A = nortriptyline |
Bone et al.65 |
Gabapentin |
PLP |
Crossover |
19 |
2,400 |
6 |
A > P |
Gordh et al.66 |
Gabapentin |
PNI |
Crossover |
98 |
2,400 |
7 |
A = P |
Levendoglu et al.67 |
Gabapentin |
SCI |
Crossover |
20 |
3,600 |
8 |
A > P |
Tai et al.68 |
Gabapentin |
SCI |
Crossover |
7 |
1,800 |
4 |
A > Pb |
Rintala et al.69 |
Gabapentin |
SCI |
Crossover |
32 |
3,600 |
8 |
A < amitriptyline
A = diphenhydramine (active control) |
Gilron et al.7 |
Gabapentin |
PDN + PHN |
Crossover |
57 |
3,200 |
5 |
A > P; A = morphine
A < A + morphine |
Gilron et al.70 |
Gabapentin |
PDN + PHN |
Crossover |
46 |
3,600 |
6 |
A < A + nortriptyline
A = nortriptyline |
Smith et al.256 |
Gabapentin |
PLP + RLP |
Crossover |
24 |
3,600 |
6 |
A = P |
Serpell257 |
Gabapentin |
Mixed types |
Parallel |
153 |
2,400 |
8 |
A > P |
Sandercock et al.258 |
Gabapentin ER |
PDN |
Parallel |
96 |
3,000 |
4 |
A > P |
Wallace et al.71 |
Gabapentin ER |
PHN |
Parallel |
269 |
1,800 |
10 |
A = P |
Sang et al.72 |
Gabapentin ER |
PHN |
Parallel |
221 |
1,800 |
10 |
A > P |
Irving et al.73 |
Gabapentin ER |
PHN |
Parallel |
107 |
1,800 |
4 |
A > P |
Jensen et al.259 |
Gabapentin ER |
PHN |
Parallel |
102 |
1,800 |
4 |
A = Pc |
Rauck et al.74 |
Gabapentin
Enacarbil |
PDN |
Parallel |
235 |
3,600 |
13 |
A = P
A = pregabalina |
Backonja et al.260 |
Gabapentin
Enacarbil |
PHN |
Parallel |
47 |
1,200 |
2 |
A > P |
Zhang et al.75 |
Gabapentin
Enacarbil |
PHN |
Parallel |
263 |
3,600 |
14 |
A > P |
Rauck et al.76 |
Lacosamide |
CPSP |
Parallel |
60 |
400 |
6 |
A > P |
Shaibani et al.77 |
Lacosamide |
PDN |
Parallel |
403 |
600 |
18 |
A = P |
Wymer et al.78 |
Lacosamide |
PDN |
Parallel |
277 |
600 |
18 |
A = P |
Ziegler et al.79 |
Lacosamide |
PDN |
Parallel |
281 |
600 |
18 |
A = P |
Breuer et al.80 |
Lamotrigine |
CPMS |
Crossover |
17 |
400 |
11 |
A = P |
Vestergaard et al.81 |
Lamotrigine |
CPSP |
Crossover |
30 |
200 |
8 |
A > P |
Vinik et al.82 |
Lamotrigine |
PDN |
Parallel |
360 |
400 |
10 |
A = P |
Vinik et al.82 |
Lamotrigine |
PDN |
Parallel |
360 |
400 |
10 |
A = P |
Eisenberg et al.83 |
Lamotrigine |
PDN |
Parallel |
29 |
400 |
8 |
A > P |
Simpson et al.84 |
Lamotrigine |
HIV-N |
Parallel |
20 |
300 |
14 |
A > P |
Simpson et al.85 |
Lamotrigine |
HIV-N |
Parallel |
150 |
600 |
11 |
A = P; A > Pd |
Finnerup et al.86 |
Lamotrigine |
SCI |
Crossover |
22 |
400 |
8 |
A = P; A > Pe |
Zakrzewska et al.87 |
Lamotrigine |
TN |
Crossover |
14 |
400 |
2 |
A > P |
Shaikh et al.48 |
Lamotrigine |
TN |
Crossover |
21 |
400 |
6 |
A < carbamazepinea |
McCleane88 |
Lamotrigine |
Mixed types |
Parallel |
50 |
200 |
8 |
A = P |
McCleane89 |
Lamotrigine |
Mixed types |
Parallel |
36 |
200 |
8 |
A = P |
Silver et al.90 |
Lamotrigine |
Mixed types |
Parallel |
111 |
400 |
14 |
A = P |
Jungehulsing et al.261 |
Levetiracetam |
CPSP |
Crossover |
42 |
3,000 |
8 |
A = P |
Rossi et al.91 |
Levetiracetam |
CPMS |
Parallel |
12 |
3,000 |
12 |
A > P |
Falah et al.92 |
Levetiracetam |
CPMS |
Crossover |
30 |
3,000 |
6 |
A = P |
Vilholm et al.93 |
Levetiracetam |
Postmastectomy |
Crossover |
26 |
3,000 |
4 |
A = P |
Finnerup et al.94 |
Levetiracetam |
SCI |
Crossover |
34 |
3,000 |
5 |
A = P |
Holbech et al.95 |
Levetiracetam |
Mixed types |
Crossover |
35 |
3,000 |
6 |
A = P |
Krcevski and Kamenik96 |
Pregabalin |
AHN |
Parallel |
14 |
300 |
3 |
A = Pf |
Kim et al.97 |
Pregabalin |
CPSP |
Parallel |
110 |
600 |
13 |
A = P, A > Pg |
Simpson et al.98 |
Pregabalin |
HIV-N |
Parallel |
151 |
600 |
14 |
A = P |
Simpson et al.99 |
Pregabalin |
HIV-N |
Parallel |
183 |
600 |
17 |
A = P |
Mishra et al.61 |
Pregabalin |
NCP |
Parallel |
30 |
600 |
4 |
A > P
A > gabapentina
A > amitriptyline |
Raptis et al.100 |
Pregabalin |
NCP |
Parallel |
60 |
600 |
4 |
A > fentanyl transdermal |
Richter et al.101 |
Pregabalin |
PDN |
Parallel |
161 |
600 |
6 |
A > P |
Lesser et al.102 |
Pregabalin |
PDN |
Parallel |
240 |
600 |
5 |
A > P |
Rosenstock et al.103 |
Pregabalin |
PDN |
Parallel |
76 |
300 |
8 |
A > P |
Tolle et al.104 |
Pregabalin |
PDN |
Parallel |
299 |
600 |
12 |
A > P |
Arezzo et al.105 |
Pregabalin |
PDN |
Parallel |
82 |
600 |
12 |
A > P |
Satoh et al.106 |
Pregabalin |
PDN |
Parallel |
179 |
600 |
13 |
A > P |
Rauck et al.74 |
Pregabalin |
PDN |
Parallel |
56 |
300 |
13 |
A = P
A = gabapentin enacarbila |
Irving et al.262 and Tanenberg et al.263 |
Pregabalin |
PDN |
Parallel |
134 |
300 |
12 |
A = duloxetine
A = duloxetine + gabapentin |
Smith et al.107 |
Pregabalin |
PDN |
Parallel |
99 |
300 |
15 |
A = P
A = carisbamate |
Raskin et al.108 |
Pregabalin |
PDN |
Crossover |
301 |
300 |
6 |
A = P |
Sabatowski et al.109 |
Pregabalin |
PHN |
Parallel |
157 |
300 |
8 |
A > P |
Dworkin et al.110 |
Pregabalin |
PHN |
Parallel |
89 |
600 |
8 |
A > P |
van Seventer et al.111 |
Pregabalin |
PHN |
Parallel |
273 |
600 |
13 |
A > P |
Stacey et al.112 |
Pregabalin |
PHN |
Parallel |
179 |
600 |
4 |
A > P |
Achar et al.264 |
Pregabalin |
PHN |
Parallel |
25 |
150 |
8 |
A > amitriptyline |
van Seventer et al.113 |
Pregabalin |
PNI |
Parallel |
127 |
600 |
8 |
A > P |
Siddall et al.114 |
Pregabalin |
SCI |
Parallel |
70 |
600 |
12 |
A > P |
Cardenas et al.115 |
Pregabalin |
SCI |
Parallel |
108 |
600 |
16 |
A > P |
Freynhagen et al.116 |
Pregabalin |
PDN + PHN |
Parallel |
273 |
600 |
12 |
A > P |
Vranken et al.117 |
Pregabalin |
CPSP + SCI |
Parallel |
20 |
600 |
4 |
A > P |
Liang et al.118 |
Pregabalin |
AHN + SHN |
Parallel |
150 |
600 |
4 |
A > P |
Guan et al.119 |
Pregabalin |
PDN + PHN |
Parallel |
206 |
600 |
8 |
A > P |
Moon et al.120 |
Pregabalin |
Mixed types |
Parallel |
162 |
600 |
9 |
A > P |
Holbech et al.265 |
Pregabalin |
Mixed types |
Crossover |
61 |
300 |
5 |
A > P
A < imipramine
A < imipramine + pregabalin |
Haanpaa et al.121 |
Pregabalin |
Mixed types |
Parallel |
277 |
600 |
8 |
A = capsaicin 8% patch |
Gatti et al.266 |
Pregabalin |
Mixed types |
Parallel |
134 |
290h |
13 |
A < oxycodone CR
A < A + oxycodone CR |
Gilron et al.122 |
Pregabalin |
Mixed types |
Parallel |
80 |
600 |
4-9 |
A > P |
Kochar et al.123 |
Sodium valproate |
PDN |
Parallel |
29 |
1,200 |
4 |
A > P |
Kochar et al.124 |
Sodium valproate |
PDN |
Parallel |
21 |
500 |
12 |
A > P |
Kochar et al.125 |
Valproic acid + sodium valproate |
PHN |
Parallel |
22 |
1,000 |
8 |
A > P |
Drewes et al.126 |
Sodium valproate |
SCI |
Parallel |
20 |
2,400 |
3 |
A = P |
Otto et al.127 |
Valproic acid |
Mixed types |
Crossover |
31 |
1,500 |
4 |
A = P |
Thienel et al.128 |
Topiramate |
PDN |
Parallel |
878 |
400 |
22 |
A = Pi |
Raskin et al.129 |
Topiramate |
PDN |
Parallel |
214 |
400 |
12 |
A > P |
Khoromi et al.130 |
Topiramate |
LR |
Crossover |
42 |
400 |
8 |
A = P; A > Pj |
Atli and Dogra131 |
Zonisamide |
PDN |
Parallel |
13 |
600 |
12 |
A = P |
a Trial compared two antiepileptics to each other, and the same trial is displayed twice in this table (once for each antiepileptic).
b A significant decrease of “unpleasant feeling” and a trend toward a decrease in both the “pain intensity” and “burning sensation.”
c Significant difference in “itchy pain sensations” but no difference in global pain intensity or other measures of pain.
d Lamotrigine was superior to placebo in patients who received antiviral neurotoxic therapy but not in patients who did not receive this therapy.
e Lamotrigine was superior to placebo in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury and evoked pain but equal to placebo in patients with complete injury and without evoked pain.
f Pregabalin was not effective for preventing subacute herpetic neuralgia or postherpetic neuralgia.
g No significant difference between pregabalin and placebo in pain score (primary outcome measure) but significant difference in sleep, anxiety, and clinical global impression scores.
h Mean dose reported rather than maximum.
i Findings from three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
j No significant difference between topiramate and placebo in pain score (primary outcome measure) but significant difference in global pain relief score. |
AHN, acute herpetic neuralgia; CPMS, central pain due to multiple sclerosis; CPSP, central poststroke pain; ER, extended release; GBS, Guillain-Barré syndrome; HIV-N, HIV neuropathy; LR, lumbar radiculopathy; NCP, neuropathic cancer pain; PDN, painful diabetic neuropathy; PHN, postherpetic neuralgia; PLP, phantom limb pain; PNI, peripheral nerve injury; RLP, residual limb pain; SCI, spinal cord injury; SHN, subacute herpetic neuralgia; TN, trigeminal neuralgia; A, active drug; P, placebo; > indicates that active drug was superior to the comparator in terms of pain reduction; < indicates that active drug was not superior to the comparator in terms of pain reduction; = indicates that active drug was equal to the comparator in terms of pain reduction. |
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