D Hemophilia
Definition and incidence
Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder. It is a hematologic disorder of unpredictable bleeding patterns. Patients are either deficient in factor IX (hemophilia A) or factor VIII:C (hemophilia B). Hemophilia affects males, and females are carriers of the disease.
Pathophysiology
Hemophilia A is grouped into mild (bleeding surfaces after trauma or surgery), moderate (rarely have extensive unprovoked bleeding), and severe (absence of factor VIII:C in the plasma) forms. People with hemophilia exhibit spontaneous bleeding, muscle hematomas, and generalized joint pain. Continued joint bleeding often results in decreased range of motion and progressive joint arthropathy and often requires orthopedic surgical intervention throughout their lives. Hemophiliacs also exhibit excessive bleeding after trauma.
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