Consultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, BPharm, RPh, PharmD

^a Elimination: All the above benzodiazepines are highly protein bound, rely on the liver for initial biotransformation, and are renally cleared. Peak effect, duration, and half-life can vary based on patient characteristics. Consider decreasing dose/frequency in liver or kidney disease. Lorazepam may be preferable for use in renal failure because of inactive metabolites.

Synergistic respiratory depression occurs with concomitant narcotic usage, consider decreasing dose in this situation.
0, none.
+, moderate.
++, severe.

References

Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. 3rd ed. Hawthorne, CA: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; 1999: 102–105, 183–187, 245–248, 293–299.

Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005: 133–149.

Opioids

Jack Kan, MD • Lynn Ngai, BS
Consultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, B.Pharm, R.Ph, Pharm.D

Note: Most opioids will cause respiratory depression.
IV, intravenous; IM, intramuscular; PCA, patient-controlled analgesia; PO, per oral; SC, subcutaneous.

References

Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. Hawthorne, CA: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; 1999.

Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.

Beers MH, Berkow R. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. 17th ed. Philadelphia, PA: John Wiley & Sons; 1999.

Opioid Antagonists

Andrew Wall, MD • Tony Cun, BS
Consultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, BPharm, RPh, Pharm.D

Used for complete or partial reversal of opioid drug effects, including respiratory depression and management of known or suspected opioid overdose.

^aDose every 2 to 3 minutes until desired response (adequate ventilation/alertness). Repeat dosing may be needed depending on type, dose, and timing of the last opioid administered. Titrate to assure adequate ventilation and minimize withdrawal symptoms.

References

Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. 3rd ed. Hawthorne, CA: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; 1999: 310–316.

Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005: 81–117.

Baughman VL, et al. Anesthesiology and Critical Care Drug Handbook: Including Select Disease States & Perioperative Management. 9th ed. Hudson: Lexi-Comp, Incorporated; 2009.

NSAIDS

Rohith Piyaratna, MD • Lynn Ngai, BS
Consultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, B.Pharm, R.Ph, Pharm.D

General NSAID side effects:
May cause fluid retention, kidney or liver failure, antiplatelet aggregation leading to increased risk of bleeding; may cause gastric mucosal damage with ulceration and bleeding. COX-2 specific NSAIDS are believed to cause less damage to gastric mucosa and less antiplatelet effects versus COX-1 agents. However, studies have shown an increased risk for thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke (which led to Rofecoxib being removed from the market in September 2004).

^aDo not use in patients with bleeding or platelet problems.

IV, intravenous; IM, intramuscular; PO, per oral.

References

Epocrates® Online

Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. Hawthorne, CA: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; 1999.

Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.

Beers MH, Berkow R. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. 17th ed. Philadelphia, PA: John Wiley & Sons; 1999.

IV Induction Agents

Christopher Tirce, MD • Lynn Ngai, BS
Consultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, B.Pharm, R.Ph, Pharm.D

IV, intravenous; IM, intramuscular; PO, per oral; PR, per rectum.

References

Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. Hawthorne, CA: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; 1999.

Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.

Beers MH, Berkow R. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. 17th ed. Philadelphia, PA: John Wiley & Sons; 1999.

Inhaled Anesthetics

Shaun Kunnavatana, MD • Tony Cun, BS
Consultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, BPharm, RPh, PharmD

↑, increase; ↓, decrease; ↓↓, large decrease; BP, blood pressure; CBF, cerebral blood flow; CHF, congestive heart failure; CMRO₂, cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen; CO, cardiac output; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; GI, gastrointestinal; HR, heart rate; HTN, hypertension; ICP, intracranial pressure; N/C, no change; PaCO₂, arterial CO₂ partial pressure; RR, respiratory rate; SVR, systemic vascular resistance; TV, tidal volume; UOP, urine output.

References

Morgan GE, Mikhail MS, Murray MJ. Clinical Anesthesiology. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division; 2005.

Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. Hawthorne; CA: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; 1999.

Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.

Adrenergic Agonists

Jonathan T. Bradley, MD • Lynn Ngai, BS
Consultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, B.Pharm, R.Ph, Pharm.D

IV, intravenous; IM, intramuscular; SC, subcutaneous; PO, per oral.

References

Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. Hawthorne, CA: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; 1999.

Beers MH, Berkow R. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. 17th ed. Philadelphia, PA: John Wiley & Sons; 1999.

Adrenergic Antagonists

Christopher Tirce, MD • Lynn Ngai, BS
Consultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, B.Pharm, R.Ph, Pharm.D

IV, intravenous; PO, per oral.

References

Forssman B, Lindblad CJ, Zbornikova V. Atenolol for migraine prophylaxis. Headache 1983;23(4):188–190.

Frischman W, Cheng-Lai A, Nawarskas J. Current Cardiovascular Drugs. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Current MedicineLLC; 2005.

Johannsson V, Nilsson LR, Widelius T, et al. Atenolol in migraine prophylaxis a double-blind cross-over multicentre study. Headache 1987;27(7): 372–374.

Katzung BG, Masters SB, Trevor A. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 11th ed. NewYork: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2009.

Kraus ML, Gottlieb LD, Horwitz RI, et al. Randomized clinical trial of atenolol in patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome. NEJM 1985;313(15):905-909.

Miller RD, Eriksson LI, Fleisher LA, et al. Miller’s Anesthesia. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone; 2009.

Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. Hawthorne, CA: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; 1999.

Pacak K. Preoperative management of the pheochromocytoma patient. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92(11):4069–4079.

Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.

Beers MH, Berkow R. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. 17th ed. Philadelphia, PA: John Wiley & Sons; 1999.

Wiest D. Esmolol. A review of its therapeutic efficacy and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995;28(3):190–202.

Corticosteroids

Rohith Piyaratna, MD • Lynn Ngai, BS
Consultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, B.Pharm, R.Ph, Pharm.D

General corticosteroid side effects:
Osteoporosis, impaired wound healing and increased risk of infection, increased appetite, hypertension, edema, peptic ulcers, euphoria, and psychoses. Systemic corticosteroids used for <7 d, even at high doses, are not likely to cause adverse side effects, nor are inhaled corticosteroids.
IA, intra-articular; ICP, intracranial pressure; IV, intravenous; IM, intramuscular; IT, intratissue; PO, per oral.

References

Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. Hawthorne: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; 1999.

Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.

Beers MH, Berkow R. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. 17th ed. Philadelphia, PA: John Wiley & Sons; 1999.

Antibiotics

Becky Wong, MD • Tony Cun, BS
Consultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, BPharm, RPh, PharmD

References

Anderson DJ, Sexton DJ. Control measures to prevent surgical site infection. UpToDate. August 18, 2009. Accessed April 20, 2010. http://www.uptodate.com/online/content/topic.do?topicKey=hosp_inf/6955&view=print

Gilbert DN, Moellering RC, Eliopoulos GM, et al. The Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy. Sanford Guide Ser. Hyde Park, VT: Antimicrobial Therapy, Incorporated; 2009.

Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.

Antiemetics

Amy Wang, MD • Lynn Ngai, BS
Consultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, B.Pharm, R.Ph, Pharm.D

IV, intravenous; IM, intramuscular; PO, per oral; PR, per rectum; SC, subcutaneous.

References

Barash PG. Handbook of Clinical Anesthesia. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.

Baughman VL, Julie Golembiewski, Jeffrey P. Gonzales, William Jr. Alvarez, et al. Anesthesiology and Critical Care Drug Handbook. Hudson, OH: Lexi-Comp, Incorporated; 2009.

Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. Hawthorne, CA: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; Jan. 1999.

Miller RD, Stoelting RK. Basics of Anesthesia. 5 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone; 2006.

Beers MH, Berkow R. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. 17th ed. Philadelphia, PA: John Wiley & Sons; 1999.

Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.

Hematologics

Jack Kan, MD • Tony Cun, BS
Consultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, B.Pharm, R.Ph, Pharm.D

Disclaimer: Anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications should not be discontinued withoutfi rst taking into account the patient’s clinical situation. Abrupt discontinuation of thesemedications may be life threatening or may lead to serious morbidity.

ACS, acute coronary syndrome; a-fib, atrial fibrillation; CAD, coronary artery disease; COX, cyclooxygenase; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; HTN, hypertension; INR, international normalized ratio; MI, myocardial infarction; Pt, patient; Pts, patients; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PE, pulmonary embolism; qday, daily; VTE, venous thromboembolism; vWD, von Willebrand disease

^aAspirin: Half-life elimination: Parent drug: 15–20 min; Salicylates (dose dependent): 3 h at lower doses (300–600 mg), 5–h (after 1 g), 10 h with higher doses.

^bvWD type I patients are usually responsive, vWD type II patients may have variable responses, vWD type III patients are usually not responsive. Consult a hematologist to address your individual patient needs.

References

Barash PG, et al. Clinical Anesthesia. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.

Lloyd Jones M, Wight J, Paisley S, et al. Control of bleeding in patients with haemophilia a with inhibitors: a systematic review. Haemophilia 2003;9(4):464–520.

Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. Hawthorne: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; 1999.

Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.

Appendix C: Crisis Management Cognitive Aids

How to Use Cognitive Aids in Crisis Management

The use of cognitive aids to manage crises in anesthesia is controversial. The goal of these cognitive aids is to provide a reference for the management of certain clinical conditions and emergency situations.

The use of cognitive aids should not replace individual clinical judgment and may not be applicable to all clinical situations.

PRACTICAL CLINICAL DRUG DOSING

BY KARIM RAFAAT, MD

References

1) Fuhrman BP, Zimmerman JJ, Pediatric Critical Care 3rd edition, Mosby-Elsevier 2006

2) Slonim AD, Pollack MM, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Lippincott Williams ans Wilkins, 2006

3) Cote CJ, Lerman J, Todres ID, A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children, Elsevier Health Sciences, 2009

4) Miller RD, Eriksson LI, Fleisher LA, Wiener-Kronish JP, Young WL, Miller’s Anesthesia, Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier, 2009

5) Lacy CF, Armstrong LL, Goldman MP, Lance LL, Lexi-Comp: Drug Information Handbook, 19th edition, Lexi-Comp 2009

Index

“a” wave

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA)

anesthetic considerations

definition and etiology

regional anesthesia

surgical and anesthetic complications

surgical intervention

Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS)

Abdominal exam

Abdominal wall defects (AWD)

Abnormal bleeding

Abnormal placentation

Abnormal pseudocholinesterase

ABO compatibility

cryoprecipitate

fresh frozen plasma

packed red blood cells

Accidental needlesticks

Acetaminophen

adverse effects

dosing

mechanism of action

myringotomy and ventilation tubes

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs)

AChEIs (see Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors)

Acid–base disturbances

Acidosis

Acoustic injury

Acquired coagulation defects

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), (see also Human immune deficiency virus)

Activated clotting time (ACT)

Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)

Active scavenging systems

Acute anemia

Acute bleeding ulcers

Acute bronchospasm

Acute chest syndrome (ACS)

Acute hemolytic reaction

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP)

Acute kidney failure

Acute pain management

ASA Task Force

clinical management

medication classes

pathophysiology and neurobiology

receptor targets

Acute pancreatitis

Acute postobstructive pulmonary edema

Acute respiratory distress

medications

O₂ therapy

respiratory therapy

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Acute thromboembolism

Addison disease

A-delta nociceptors

Adenoidectomy

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) inhibitors

Adenotonsillectomy

analgesic management

clinical findings

controlled ventilation

extubation

pathophysiology

patient positioning

postoperative considerations

post-tonsillectomy bleeding

signs/symptoms

special anesthetic considerations

spontaneous ventilation

surgical treatment

volatile anesthetics

Adjustable pressure limiting (APL)

Adrenal cortex

Adrenal crisis

Adrenal disorders

adrenal glands

adrenal insufficiency

aldosterone production

cortisol production

pheochromocytoma

Adrenal insufficiency (AI)

perioperative management

primary

secondary

signs/symptoms

supplemental corticosteroid dosing

symptoms

tertiary

treatment

Adrenal medulla

Adrenergic agents

adverse effects

agonists

antagonists

clinical uses

mechanism of action

metabolism

perioperative β-blockade

receptor types

structure/activity relationship

sympathetic nervous system

Adrenergic agonists

Adrenergic antagonists

Adrenergic receptor

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Adult cardiac surgery

cardiac intensive care unit

cardiopulmonary bypass

cannula insertions

catastrophes

chest closure

coronary artery spasm

dysrhythmias

initiation period

maintenance

overview

patient inspection

physiology

post-CPB period

schematic

separation

intraoperative management

anesthesia maintenance

induction

induction medications

postinduction tasks

preinduction preparation

multidisciplinary decision making

perioperative monitoring

blood pressure

CVP

ECG

neurologic

PA catheter placement

standard ASA monitors

temperature

transesophageal echocardiography

urine output

preoperative assessment

central nervous system

dysrhythmias

endocrine

GI/hepatic

heart failure

hematologic

myocardial ischemia/infarction

pulmonary

renal

special considerations

Adult respiratory distress syndrome

Adult-onset diabetes

AFE (see Amniotic fluid embolus)

Aging, pharmacology

creatinine clearance

drug dosage

fentanyl

midazolam

propofol

remifentanil

Agitation

Aintree intubation catheter

Airtraq optical laryngoscope

Airway exchange catheters (AEC)

Airway management

bag mask ventilation

cardiac arrest, children

cognitive aid

congenital syndromes

endotracheal tubes

laryngeal mask airways

obligate nasal breathers

single-lung ventilation

TIVA techniques

Airway scope (AWS)

Airway trauma

Albumin

Alcohol and substance abuse

amphetamine and derivatives

cocaine

mechanism

metabolism

physiologic effects

ethyl alcohol

chronic effects

organ systems, effects

lysergic acid diethylamide and hallucinogens

marijuana

opioid

phencyclidine

Aldosterone

Alfentanil

Allergy

allergic reaction to local anesthetics

anaphylactoid (nonimmunologic) reactions

anaphylaxis treatment

clinical manifestation

immune-mediated reactions

latex allergy

postevent follow-up

α-adrenergic agonists

α-blockade

Alveolar concentration

Alveolar ventilation

Alveolar-venous partial pressure difference (A-vD)

American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD)

American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)

Amides

Amniotic fluid embolus (AFE)

differential diagnosis

incidence

initial phase

pathophysiology

secondary phase

treatment

Amphetamine

Ampicillin

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Analgesia

gastroesophageal reflux

medications

Anaphylactoid/nonimmunologic reactions

Anaphylaxis, (see also Allergy)

airway and ventilation

circulatory support

during general anesthesia

H₂ blocker/corticosteroids

serum mast cell tryptase

steroids

treatment goals

Anatomic deadspace

Anemia

blood loss

bone marrow failure

definition

hematopoetic input deficiencies

intraoperative considerations

laboratory

oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

peripheral RBC destruction

physical exam

physiologic changes

postoperative considerations

preoperative considerations

treatment

Anesthesia breathing circuits

nonrebreathing systems

rebreathing systems

Anesthesia machine

breathing system

four component subsystems

high-pressure system

low-pressure system

preanesthesia machine checkout

scavenging system

Anesthesia maintenance and intraoperative management

analgesia

balanced vs. total IV methods

hypnosis

neuromuscular blockade

physiologic homeostasis maintenance

practical management

Anesthesia phrases

French

Russian

Spanish

traditional Chinese

Vietnamese

Anesthetic agents

etomidate

intraoperative awareness

ketamine

muscle relaxants

myasthenia gravis

AChE inhibitor therapy

local anesthetics

narcotics

nondepolarizing NMBs

succinylcholine

volatile anesthetics

nitrous oxide

opioids

Anesthetic management

cleft lip/cleft palate

intraoperative management

monitors/lines/positioning

postoperative management

preoperative evaluation

congenital diaphragmatic hernia

intraoperative management

monitors/lines

postoperative management/disposition

preoperative considerations

endoscopic procedures

epiglottitis

intraoperative management

monitors/lines

postoperative management

preoperative considerations

foreign body aspiration

intraoperative complications

intraoperative management

monitoring

postoperative management

preoperative management

gastroschisis and omphalocele

intraoperative management

monitors/lines

postoperative management

preoperative considerations

general anesthesia

intussusception

intraoperative management

monitors/lines/positioning

postoperative management/analgesia

preoperative considerations

lung volume reduction surgery

meningomyelocele

interoperative management

monitor/lines

postoperative management/diposition

preoperative considerations

MRI and CT

airway

complications

induction

maintenance

oral contrast

premedication

preoperative evaluation

myringotomy and ventilation tubes

disposition

emergence delirium

inhalation induction

intraoperative management

maintenance and induction

postoperative pain

preoperative evaluation

special anesthetic goals/issues

one-lung ventilation

patent ductus arteriosus

positioning

regional analgesia

tracheal resection and reconstruction

tracheoesophageal fistula

intraoperative management

monitors/lines

preoperative considerations

video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

Anesthetic plan

considerations

intraoperative plan (see Intraoperative plan)

postoperative care plan

preoperative assessment and optimization

Angina pectoris

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy

Anhepatic phase

Ankle block

block evaluation

contraindications

equipment

indications

landmark-based ankle block

monitoring

positioning and preparation

postoperative management

risks and complications

surface anatomy identification

ultrasound-guided deep peroneal nerve block

ultrasound-guided sural nerve block

ultrasound-guided tibial nerve block

Ankle brachial index (ABI)

Ankle surgery

Ankylosing spondylitis

Antecubital veins

Anterior mediastinal mass

anatomy

causes

clinical presentation

decision making, airway management

general anesthesia

hemodynamic physiology

induction, anesthesia

intraoperative complications

postoperative considerations

preinduction

preoperative considerations

supine position

surgical interventions

Anterior tibial nerve

Antibiotic prophylaxis

endocarditis

total hip arthroplasty, coronary artery disease

Antibiotics

Anticholinesterase agents

adverse effects/toxicity

anticholinergic medications

clinical uses and common agents

mechanism of action

pharmacology

reversal of neuromuscular blockade

Anticholinesterases

Anticoagulant medication

adenosine diphosphate inhibitors

gycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors

heparin

low molecular weight heparin

thrombolytic medications

warfarin

Anticoagulated patient

Antidepressants

monoamine oxidase inhibitors

serotonin reuptake inhibitors

tricyclic antidepressants

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Antiemetics

for adults

anticholinergic drugs

antihistamines

combination therapy

dopamine (D₂) antagonists

dose and timing of administration

glucocorticoids

PONV prevention and treatment

serotonin receptor antagonists

Antifibrinolytics

Antihypertensives

Antimicrobials

adverse reactions

allergic reactions/anaphylaxis

choice of

classification

idiosyncratic reactions

infective endocarditis prophylaxis

interaction

surgical site infection prophylaxis

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

Antisialogogue drug

Anuric renal failure

Anxiolytic drug

Aortic arteriotomy

Aortic cross clamping

abdominal/infraceliac

thoracic/supraceliac

unclamping

Aortic cross-clamp

Aortic dissection

Aortic regurgitation (AR)

diagnostic studies

emergence

etiology/natural history

hemodynamic goals

induction, anesthesia

maintenance, anesthesia

medical management vs. surgical management

monitoring

pathophysiology

physical findings

preoperative management

qualitative measures

quantitative assessment

regurgitant volume

severity grading

signs and symptoms

Aortic stenosis (AS)

Bernoulli equation

classification and severity grading

continuity equation

emergence

etiology

hemodynamic goals

induction, anesthesia

maintenance, anesthesia

monitoring

natural history

pathophysiology

planimetry

preoperative management

signs and symptoms

surgical management

Aortic surgery

abdominal aortic aneurysms

aortic cross clamping

emergency aortic surgery

endovascular repairs

open abdominal

retroperitoneal approach

thoracic aortic aneurysms

Aortic valve

anatomy

aortic regurgitation

aortic valve stenosis

ASE/SCA 20 TEE views

continuous wave Doppler

evaluation

planimetry

pulse wave Doppler

Aortic valve replacement (AVR)

Aortopulmonary window

APGAR scoring system

Apnea

Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)

Appendicitis

Aprepitant

Aprotinin

APTT (see Activated partial thromboplastin time)

Argatroban

Arrhythmias

cardiomyopathy

medications

ventricular assist devices

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (AVRD)

epidemiology and pathophysiology

follow-up

intraoperative considerations

postoperative care

preoperative considerations

signs and symptoms

treatment options

Arterial blood pressure (BP)

Arterial lines

Arterial switch procedure

Arthritis

anesthetic management

intraoperative considerations

postoperative considerations

preoperative considerations

ankylosing spondylitis

definition

osteoarthritis

rheumatoid

Aspiration

Aspirin

Assessing peak inspiratory pressure

Assist-controlled (ACV) volume-cycled ventilation

Asthma

anticholinergics

β₂ adrenergic agonists

corticosteroids

cromolyn sodium and nedocromil sodium

differential diagnosis, wheezing

drugs

immunomodulators

incidence

intraoperative management

leukotriene-modifying drugs

magnesium

methylxanthines

pathophysiology

pediatric anesthesiology

postoperative management

precipitating factors

preoperative management

severity scoring

status asthmaticus and isoflurane

symptoms

ventilatory management

Asystole

Atenolol

Atracurium

Atrial fibrillation

Atrial flutter

Autologous blood donation

Automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD)

electromagnetic interference sources

indications

magnet functions

NASPE/BPEG code

nomenclature system

stepwise approach, CRMD

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Awake fiber optic intubation (FOI)

anesthesia application, airway

considerations for

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) block

indications

lingual branch block

oxygenation and suction

patients positioning

premedication

sedation drugs

superior laryngeal nerve block

transtracheal nerve block

Awake intubation

Axillary block

contraindications

electrical nerve stimulator

equipment

evaluation

indications

monitoring

perivascular axillary block

positioning and preparation

postoperative management

risks and complications

surface anatomy

transarterial axillary block

ultrasound-guided axillary block

Backward-upward-rightward pressure (BURP)

Bacterial contamination, blood products

BAEP (see Brainstem auditory evoked potentials)

Bag-valve-mask (BVM)

Bailey maneuver

Balloon valvotomy

Baralyme

Becker muscular dystrophy

Benzodiazapines

adverse effects

clinical uses

mechanism of action

special considerations

toxicity

Berman endoscopic oral airway

β-adrenergic agonists

β-blockade

β-blocker

Bilateral tympanostomy tubes (BTTs)

Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP)

Bipolar disorder

BIS-guided anesthetic care

Bisoprolol

Bispectral index (BIS) monitor

Blalock-Taussig shunt (BTS)

Bleeding disorders (see also Coagulopathy)

coagulation cascade

dilutional coagulopathy

drugs

increased peripheral platelet destruction

platelet dysfunction

sequestration

Von Willebrand disease

Block failure

Blood component therapy

cryoprecipitate

fresh frozen plasma

packed red blood cells

platelets

pretransfusion testing

transfusion, complications

Blood exposure

Blood product replacement

difficult cross-match

intraoperative cell salvage

Jehovah’s Witness

management strategy

normovolemia

hemodilution

maintenance

patient refusal

pharmacologic alternative

Blood volume and fluid compartments

Blood–brain barrier (BBB)

Blue bloaters

Board certification

practice experience pathway

testamur

training program pathway

Body mass index (BMI)

Bone cement implication syndrome

Bony contact

Bovie safety

Brachial plexus

Bradycardia

NMB drugs

opioids

spinal anesthesia

Brain circuit

Brain death

clinical presentation

diagnosis

organ donation

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP)

Brainstem dysfunction

Breath holding/apnea

Breathing circuit

Breathing system

Bronchial blocker (BB)

Bronchoscopy

Bronchospasm

Bupivacaine

Burn injuries

anesthetic considerations

electrical burn patients

pathophysiology

postoperative concerns

scalds

thermal burns, classification of

treatment

wound care

C nociceptors

“c” wave

Caffeine withdrawal

Caffeine-halothane muscle biopsy test (see Malignant hyperthermia (MH))

Calcitonin

Calcium

hypercalcemia

hypocalcemia

Calcium channels blockers

Cancer debulking procedures

Cannot ventilate–cannot intubate (CVCI)

Cannulation sites

antecubital veins

external jugular vein

femoral vein

internal jugular vein

subclavian vein

Capnogram

Capnography

abnormal capnogram interpretation

clinical uses

CO₂ measurement techniques

definition

mainstream capnometers

normal capnogram

sidestream capnometers

Capnometry

Carbocaine

Carbon monoxide

Carcinoid syndrome

Carcinoid tumors

carcinoid syndrome

pathophysiology

perioperative considerations

Cardiac arrhythmias

abnormal rhythms

AV block

laparoscopic surgery

normal EKG

supraventricular dysrhythmias

ventricular dysrhythmias

Cardiac catheterization laboratory

cardioversion

coronary angiography

radiofrequency ablations

Cardiac complications

dysrhythmias

hypertension

hypotension

Cardiac disease

complete heart block

congenital heart disease

ischemic heart disease

peripartum cardiomyopathy

principles

valvular heart disease

Cardiac dysfunction

Cardiac dysrhythmias

Cardiac exam

Cardiac index (CI)

Cardiac output (CO)

inhaled anesthetic agents

valvular heart disease

Cardiac surgery

Cardiomyopathy

epidemiology and pathophysiology

follow-up

intraoperative considerations

postoperative care

preoperative considerations

signs and symptoms

treatment options

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)

anesthetic maintenance

cannula insertions

catastrophes

initiation period

heparinization

surgical factors

maintenance

overview

patient inspection

physiology

post-CPB

chest closure

coronary artery spasm

dysrhythmias

hemodynamic stability

schematic

separation

Cardiovascular system

dexmedetomidine

etomidate

inhaled anesthetic agents

ketamine

premature infant

propofol

thiopental

Cardioversion

anesthetic considerations

indications

technique

Carvedilol

Cauda equina syndrome

Caudal epidural anesthesia

anesthetic considerations

continuous epidural catheter

contraindications

drug selection

epidural adjuncts

equipment

evaluation

indications

postoperative management

risks and complications

techniques

Cavernous sinus

Cefazolin

Cefotetan

Cefoxitin

Ceftriaxone

Cefuroxime

Celecoxib

Central apnea

Central demyelinating diseases

clinical presentation

induction, anesthesia

maintenance/emergence, anesthesia

post-operative considerations

pre-operative considerations

treatment

Central nervous system (CNS)

adult cardiac surgery

dexmedetomidine

etomidate

ketamine

premature infant

propofol

thiopental

Central supply system, of medical gas pipelines

Central venous access

Central venous catheterization

Central venous pressure (CVP)

cannulation sites

complications

coronary artery disease

indications

interpretation

intravascular volume

mechanics

ScVO₂

technique

Cephalosporins, crossreactivity

Cerebellar and basal ganglia diseases

anesthetic management

clinical presentation

Cerebral autoregulation

Cerebral blood flow (CBF)

intracranial physiology

neurologic effects

Cerebral edema

Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO₂)

Cerebral palsy (CP)

clinical findings

emergence

intraoperative management

maintenance

monitors/lines/positioning

pathophysiology

postoperative management/disposition

preoperative considerations

signs/symptoms

special anesthetic considerations

treatment

Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Cervical spine trauma

Cesarean delivery

Channeled technique

Chemistry panel

Chiari II malformation

Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) score

Chloroprocaine

Choanal atresia

Cholinergic crisis

Chronic anemia

Chronic hypoxemia

Chronic kidney disease

Chronic low back pain

intraoperative concerns

opioid tolerance

perioperative pain management strategy

postoperative pain management

postoperative pain plan

preoperative concerns

preoperative instructions

special considerations

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

anesthetic concerns

clinical features

epidemiology

intraoperative considerations

pathophysiology

physical examination

postoperative considerations

preoperative considerations

prognosis

pulmonary function tests

risk factors

Chronic pancreatitis

Chronic steroid

Chronic ulcer disease

Chylothorax

Cigarette smoking

Ciprofloxacin

Circle of Willis

Circle system

classical

closed

CO₂ absorber

components

function

history

low flow usage in

types

unidirectional valves

Circulating blood volume (CBV)

Cisatracurium

Citanest

Clean contaminated wounds

Clean surgical wounds

Cleft lip/cleft palate

anesthetic management

intraoperative management

monitors/lines/positioning

postoperative management

preoperative evaluation

surgical treatment

Clindamycin

Clonidine

Clopidigrel

Clot lysis index

Coagulation defects

Coagulopathy

anesthetics

intraoperative management

postoperative management

preoperative

definition

evaluation and treatment

family history

laboratory testing

medical diseases

medication history

personal history

physical examination

pathophysiology

abnormal/deceased platelet production

acquired coagulation factor defects

bleeding disorders

congenital coagulation factor defects

dilutional coagulation

increased peripheral platelet destruction

platelet dysfunction

platelet function, abnormalities of

sequestration

Cocaine

mechanism

organ systems, effects

central nervous system

CV system

intraoperative considerations

postoperative considerations

preoperative considerations

physiologic effects

Codeine

Colloids

benefits of

protein and nonprotein colloids

rational use of

resuscitation

vs. crystalloids

Color flow Doppler

Color-coded cylinders

Combined spinal-epidural (CSE) technique

complications

failures with

indications

needle-through-needle technique

Combitube

advantages

placement of

provides rescue ventilation

Complete blood count (CBC)

Computed tomography (CT)

airway

complications

induction

maintenance

oral contrast

premedication

preoperative evaluation

safety considerations

Computer-assisted robotic surgery

Concentration effect

Congenital cardiac defects

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)

anesthetic management

intraoperative management

monitors/lines

postoperative management/disposition

preoperative considerations

clinical findings

pathophysiology

signs/symptoms

surgical treatment

Congenital heart disease (CHD)

anesthesia, risks of

aorta coarctation

left-to-right shunting lesions

lesions and anesthetic concerns

pediatric anesthesiology

preoperative evaluation

right-to-left shunting lesions

special anesthetic considerations

Congenital heart lesions

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

Conn syndrome

Contaminated wounds

Continuous goal-directed fluid management

Continuous peripheral nerve block (CPNB)

contraindications

equipment

hybrid technique

indications

infusion management

monitoring

patient education

positioning and preparation

risks and complication

stimulating technique

surface anatomy identification

ultrasound-guided technique

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Continuous wave Doppler (CWD)

Continuous/axial flow devices

Controlled ventilation

Bain system (co-axial Mapleson D)

Mapleson A–Magill circuit

Mapleson D system

Coracoid approach

Corneal abrasion

Cornerstone therapy

neuraxial techniques

opioids

peripheral nerve blocks

Coronary angiography

anesthetic considerations

indications

technique

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

central nervous system

indications

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

induction and maintenance

intraoperative management

postoperative ischemia

postoperative management

preoperative evaluation

history

physical exam

Cortical blindness

Corticosteroids

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)

Cranial nerve dysfunction

Creatinine clearance

Cricothyroidotomy

Critical limb ischemia (CLI)

Crohn’s disease

Crystalloids

additional forms

characteristics

intravascular volume replacement with

rational use of

resuscitation

Cuff trauma

Cushing syndrome

Cystectomy

Cystic fibrosis

clinical findings

intraoperative management

monitoring/lines

postoperative management/disposition

preoperative evaluation

signs/symptoms

Cystoscopy

Cytochrome P-450 3A and 2D6

3D echocardiography

Damus-Kaye-Stansel (DKS)

Dantrolene

Dead space ventilation

Deep-vein thrombosis (DVT)

anticoagulation

diagnosis

pathophysiology

prevalence

prophylaxis

risk factors

supportive care

treatment objective

Delayed emergence

Delayed hemolytic reaction

Delirium

Delta receptors

Dementia and cognitive decline, (see also Cerebellar and basal ganglia diseases)

Dental injury

Depolarizing muscle relaxants

abnormal pseudocholinesterase

bradycardia

hyperkalemia

increased intracranial pressure

increased intragastric pressure

malignant hyperthermia

myalgias

Depth of anesthesia (DOA)

BIS

measurement errors and artifacts

M-entropy module

mid-latency auditory evoked potential

narcotrend index monitor

SNAP II

Dermatologic disorders

intrahepatic cholestasis

pruritic urticarial papules and pregnancy plaques

Desflurane

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

Dexamethasone

Dexmedetomidine

Dextrans

Dextrose (D₅)

Diabetes insipidus (DI)

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

classification

definition

diabetic ketoacidosis

DKA, treatment of

epidemiology

hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic nonketotic coma

long term complications

pediatric anesthesiology

perioperative insulin management

perioperative patients

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic nonketotic coma

signs and symptoms of

treatment of

3,4-Diaminopyridine (3,4 DAP)

Diastolic dysfunction

Diastolic function

atrial contraction

color M-mode flow propagation velocity

diastasis

hemodynamic measurements

impaired relaxation

isovolumic relaxation time

mitral Doppler inflow velocity

principle

pseudonormal

pulmonary vein flow

rapid filling phase

restrictive

tissue Doppler velocity measurement

Diazepam

DIC (see Disseminated intravascular coagulation)

Difficult airway

ASA algorithm for

awake vs. asleep

cricothyroidotomy

definition

difficult tracheal intubation

face mask ventilation

incidence of

introducer stylets

prediction

supraglottic airway device

video laryngoscopic technique

Difficult mask ventilation (DMV)

Difficult tracheal intubation

descriptions

direct laryngoscopy

emergency pathway

neuromuscular blockade

nonemergency pathway

Diffuse esophageal spasm

Diffusion defects

Diffusion hypoxia

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)

epidemiology and pathophysiology

follow-up

intraoperative considerations

postoperative care

preoperative considerations

signs and symptoms

treatment options

Dilutional coagulopathy

Direct laryngoscopy (DL)

complications

positioning

principle of

Directed donor blood donation

Dirty-infected wounds

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Distal upper extremity peripheral nerve blocks

contraindications

equipment

evaluation

indications

landmark-based elbow block technique

landmark-based wrist block technique

monitoring

positioning and preparation

postoperative management

risks and complications

surface anatomy

ultrasound-guided forearm block techniques

Diverticulitis

Diverticulosis

DM (see Diabetes mellitus)

Dobutamine

Donor risk index

Dopamine

Double outlet right ventricle

Double switch procedure

Double-lumen tube (DLT)

advantages

design

history

indication of right

larger DLT, advantages of

left-DLT selection, guidelines

placement of

position conformation of

risk factors, airway rupture

selection of

Down syndrome (DS)

cleft lip/cleft palate

clinical findings

emergence

epidemiology

intraoperative management

preoperative considerations

postoperative management

premedication

signs/symptoms

surgical interventions

Droperidol

Drug absorption

Drug addiction

Drug administration

Drug distribution

Drug elimination

Drug eluting coronary artery stents

Drug–drug interactions (DDI)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

Dural puncture

Dysarthria

Dyslipidemia

Dysphagia

Dysrhythmias

bradycardia

tachycardia

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa

Ear, nose, and throat (ENT)

acute upper airway obstruction

anesthetic emergence considerations

difficult airway management

emergent surgical airway

general principles

otologic and neurotologic surgery

panendoscopy

postoperative considerations

preoperative assessment

sinus/maxillofacial/nasal surgery

surgical considerations

tracheostomy

Ebstein anomaly

Echothiophate

Eclampsia

Edrophonium

EEG (see Electroencephalography)

Eisenmenger syndrome

Elective intervention

Electrical operating room safety

bovie safety

electrical current running

ground fault circuit interrupters

line isolation monitor

macroshock

microshock

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Electroconvulsive therapy

contraindications

description and procedure

hemodynamic effects

indications and mechanism

induction

intraoperative considerations

muscle relaxants

nondepolarizing muscle relaxants

physiologic responses

postoperative concerns

preoperative evaluation

respiratory management

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Electrolyte abnormalities

Electrolyte disturbances

calcium

phosphate

potassium

sodium

Electromyography (EMG)

Electronic alarm devices

Electronic rhythm management device (see Automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD); Pacemakers)

ELISA test

Emergence and postoperative issues

complications

deep extubation

extubation criteria

postoperative complications

preparation

signs and stages

Emergency craniotomy

Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy

EMG (see Electromyography)

Endobronchial intubation

Endocardial cushion defect

Endocarditis

congenital heart disease and native valve tissue

high-risk patients

high-risk procedures

nondental and invasive gastrointestinal/genitourinary procedures

recommended therapeutic options

vaginal and cesarean delivery

valve disease

Endocarditis repair

Endocrine disease, gestational diabetes mellitus

adrenal conditions

definition

epidemiology

intrapartum management

pathophysiology

pituitary disease

pregnancy outcomes

thyroid disease

type I diabetes mellitus

type II diabetes mellitus

Endocrine surgery

End-organ damage

Endoscopy suite

Endotracheal intubation

anatomy of

complications

direct laryngoscopy, principle of

equipment for

indications

nasotracheal technique

orotracheal technique

positioning

preoperative assessment

video laryngoscopy

Endotracheal tubes (ETT)

blindly inserted over FOB

components of

insertion of

placement of

placement of, video laryngoscopes

positioning of

types

various sizes

Endovascular repairs

anesthetic considerations

anesthetic technique

aortic aneurysm

complications

End-stage pulmonary disease

End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

End-tidal CO₂ (ETCO₂)

Enoxaparin

Ephedrine

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB)

clinical findings

intraop management

monitors/lines/positioning

pathophysiology

peripheral IV placement

positioning

postoperative management

preoperative considerations

signs/symptoms

surgical treatment

Epidural abscess

Epidural analgesia

Epidural anesthesia

advantages

disadvantages

epidural space, anatomy

equipment

indications and contraindications

pharmacology

risks and complications

technique

troubleshooting

Epidural blood patch (EBP)

contraindications

effectiveness

epidural catheter

informed consent

meticulous sterile technique

Epidural hematoma

Epiglottitis

anesthetic management

intraoperative management

monitors/lines

postoperative management

preoperative considerations

clinical findings

diagnosis

pathophysiology

signs/symptoms

Epilepsy

anesthetic management

intracranial resection, seizure focus

non-epilepsy surgery

status epilepticus

clinical presentation

pro- and anti-convulsant effects, anesthetic drugs

Epinephrine

caudal epidural anesthesia

medications, neonatal resuscitation

Eptifibatide

Eschmann stylet

Esmolol

Esophageal bleeding

Esophageal diseases

Esophageal intubation

Essential hypertension

anesthetic considerations

cerebral autoregulation

classification

definition

end-organ damage

induction, anesthesia

intraoperative hemodynamic management

monitoring

perioperative considerations

postoperative management

preoperative evaluation

risk factors

treatment and management

uncontrolled

Esthers

Ethyl alcohol (EtOH)

cardiovascular system

central nervous system

fluid and electrolyte abnormalities

gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems

hematopoiesis

intravenous anesthetics

muscle relaxants

nutritional deficiencies

respiratory system

sympathomimetic medications

volatile anesthetics

withdrawal states

Etomidate

cardiovascular system

central nervous system

clinical use

endocrine system

mechanism of action

pharmacokinetics

ETT (see Endotracheal tubes)

Ex-premature infant

External jugular vein

Extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)

Extracardiac Fontan

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Extremity and skin exam

Extubation criteria

Eye injury

Eye surgery

anesthesia

anticholinergic medications

intraocular gas expansion

IOP

ocular physiology

oculocardiac reflex

ophthalmic medications

regional and local techniques

Face mask ventilation

anatomic abnormalities

risk factors, DMV and IMV

Fail-safe system

Fast tracking

Fat embolus syndrome

FEIBA

Femoral nerve

Femoral nerve block

block evaluation

contraindications

equipment

fascia iliaca block technique

indications

monitoring

positioning and preparation

postoperative management

risks and complications

stimulating technique

surface anatomy identification

ultrasound guided femoral nerve block

Femoral vein

Fentanyl

myringotomy and ventilation tubes

pain medication

Fetal bradycardia

Fetal circulation

pulmonary vascular resistance

systemic vascular resistance

Fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB)

Fiberoptic intubation (FOI)

awake

conduit for

contraindications

difficulties and troubleshooting

fiberoptic scope

indications

preparation for

technique

Fick equation

Flaccid paralysis

Flexible bronchoscopy

Flexible LMA

Fludrocortisone

Fluid compartments

Fluid management (see Perioperative fluid management)

Fluid requirements

classical calculation

fixed and dynamic variables

Parkland formula

Fluid restrictive therapy

Flumazenil

Fluoromethyl-2–2-difluoro-1-trifluoromethyl vinyl ether

Fluoroscopy, PA determination

FOI (see Fiberoptic intubation)

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Fontan procedure

Foot surgery

Foreign body aspiration

anesthetic management

intraoperative complications

intraoperative management

monitoring

postoperative management

preoperative management

clinical findings

diagnosis

pathophysiology

signs/symptoms

treatment

Fractional area change (FAC)

Fractional oximetry

Fractional shortening (FS)

Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)

Fresh gas flow (FGF)

Fresh gas inlet (FGI)

Functional oximetry

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

Gag reflex

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor

Gap acidosis

Gas flow

from anesthesia machine

checkout for

Gas(es), medical gas pipeline systems

Gastric content, aspiration of

Gastroenteric system

Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)

clinical findings

intraoperative management

emergence

induction

maintenance

monitors/lines/positioning

pathophysiology

postoperative management

preoperative considerations

signs/symptoms

surgical technique

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gastrointestinal (GI) surgery

blood loss

chemotherapy drugs

exploratory laparotomy

extubation

fluid replacement

hernia repair

ICU care

monitoring

respiratory complications

thoracic epidermal

Whipple procedure

Gastrointestinal system

carcinoid tumors

diffuse esophageal spasm

diverticular and appendiceal disease

esophageal bleeding

esophageal diseases

inflammatory bowel disease

pancreatic disease

pediatric anesthesiology

peptic ulcer disease

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Gastroschisis

anesthetic management

intraoperative management

monitors/lines

postoperative management

preoperative considerations

pathophysiology/embryology

signs/symptoms/clinical findings

surgical treatment

GDM. (see Gestational diabetes mellitus)

Gelatins

General anesthesia (GA)

cesarean delivery

intravenous GA

modified RSI

rapid sequence induction

standard induction

premedications prior to

standard induction

Gentamycin

Geriatric patient

adult-onset diabetes

alcohol intake

coronary artery disease

coronary stent

gastroesophageal reflux disease

medications

pain

perioperative assessment

pharmacology (see Aging, see pharmacology)

previous CABG

prostate biopsy

smoking

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

adrenal conditions

definition

diabetes mellitus

epidemiology

hyperthyroidism

hypothyroidism

intrapartum management

pathophysiology

pituitary disease

pregnancy outcomes

treatment

Glasgow Coma Scale

Glidescope video laryngoscope (GVL)

Global exam

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Glossopharyngeal nerve block

Glucocorticoids

adverse effects/toxicity

mechanism of action

physiologic effects

preparation

regulation

Glycopyrrolate

Graves disease

Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI)

Guedel system

Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS), (see also Peripheral demyelinating diseases)

Gum elastic bougie (GEB)

Gycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors

Gynecologic surgery

Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib)

Haloperidol

Halothane

Hanger yoke assembly

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Head-elevated laryngoscopy position (HELP)

Heart failure (HF)

definition

evaluation

incidence

normal ejection fraction

reduced ejection fraction

risk factors

symptoms

Heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF)

anesthetic implications

medical management

medication recommendations

pathophysiology

postoperative

symptoms and signs

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF)

anesthetic implications

cardiac resynchronization therapy

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)

inhalational anesthetics

invasive monitoring

medical management

Heart rate (HR), inhaled anesthetics

Heliox

Hematologic agents

anticoagulant medications (see Anticoagulant medication)

procoagulant medication (see Procoagulant medication)

Hematologic diseases

acute thromboembolism

diagnosis

disseminated intravascular coagulation

HELLP syndrome

idiopathic thrombocytopenia

inherited and acquired thrombophilias

sickle cell anemia

thrombocytopenia

thromboembolic disease treatment

thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome

Von Willebrand disease

Hematologic system

pediatric anesthesiology

premature infant

Hematologics

Hematoma formation

Hematomas

Hemodynamic instability

Hemoglobin (Hb)

Hemoglobinopathies

methemoglobinemia

sulfhemoglobinemia

thalassemia

Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome

Hemophilia A

Hemorrhage

Hemorrhage/massive transfusion

Hemothorax

Heparin

Heparinization

Hepatic effects, inhaled anesthetic agents

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)

Hepatobiliary surgery

blood loss

cholecystectomy

extubation

fluid replacement

ICU care

liver biopsy

liver resection

monitoring

respiratory complications

thoracic epidermal

Hepatorenal

Hetastarch

HHNC (see Hyperosmolar, see hyperglycemic nonketotic coma)

High-pressure system

gas sources

oxygen flush valve

oxygen pressure failure devices

pneumatic and electronic alarm device

Histamine-mediated degranulation

Human immune deficiency virus (HIV)

clinical manifestations

diagnosis

intraoperative management

needlestick injury

pathophysiology

postoperative management

preoperative management

transmission

treatment

Hybrid technique

Hydrocephalus

Hydrocortisone

Hydrogen ion

Hydromorphone

Hydroxyethyl starch

Hypercalcemia

Hypercarbia

Hyperglycemia

Hyperkalemia

Hypermagnesemia

Hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC)

Hyperparathyroidism

anesthetic management, patients

disorders

surgical treatment

Hypertension

analgesia

anesthesia

antihypertensives

classifications

intraoperative

postoperative

pre-bypass

preoperative

steroids

Hyperthermia

Hyperthyroidism

causes

etiology

Graves disease

intraoperative treatment

preoperative anesthesia evaluation

prevalence

signs and symptoms

thyroid storm

treatment

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)

epidemiology and pathophysiology

follow-up

intraoperative considerations

postoperative care

preoperative considerations

signs and symptoms

treatment options

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

clinical findings

diagnosis

emergence

intraoperative management

maintenance

monitors/lines

pathophysiology

postoperative management

preoperative considerations

signs/symptoms

special anesthetic considerations

surgical treatment

Hypervolemia

Hypnosis

Hypocalcemia

Hypoglycemia

Hypotension

decreased cardiac output

hypovolemia

impaired venous return

prebypass

spinal anesthesia

vasodilation

Hypothermia

Hypothyroidism

etiology

intraoperative treatment

postoperative treatment

preoperative anesthesia evaluation

prevalence

primary hypothyroidism

secondary hypothyroidism

signs and symptoms

treatment

Hypoventilation

Hypovolemia

Hypoxemia

airway resistance

alveolar hypoventilation

O₂ diffusion

physiological dead space

reduced PiO₂

ventricular assist devices

V/Q mismatch

work of breathing

Hypoxia

Iatrogenic AI

Ibuprofen

IDDM (see Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus)

Ideal body weight (IBW)

Idiopathic thrombocytopenia

Idiosyncratic reactions

Immune-mediated reactions

Immunosuppression, steroids

Impossible mask ventilation (IMV)

Inadequate postoperative analgesia

Indomethacin

Infective endocarditis (IE) prophylaxis

Inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory neurologic disease

clinical manifestation

induction, anesthesia

maintenance/emergence, anesthesia

neurologic Lyme disease

post-operative considerations

pre-operative considerations

treatment

Inflatable cuff

Informed consent

Infraclavicular block

contraindications

coracoid approach

equipment

evaluation

indications

monitoring

multiple-injection technique

positioning and preparation

postoperative management

risks and complications

surface anatomy

ultrasound-guided infraclavicular block

Inhalational anesthesia

Inhaled anesthetic agents

in clinical use

minimal alveolar concentration, 314t

pharmacodynamics

pharmacokinetics

Inhaled anesthetics

Inhaled beta-2 agonists

Inhaled NO

Inherited and acquired thrombophilias

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)

Intensive care unit (ICU)

anesthesia monitoring

anesthetic considerations

indications

technique

Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV)

Internal jugular (IJ) vein

International normalized ratio (INR)

Interscalene block

contraindications

equipment

evaluation

identification

indications

monitoring

needle position

positioning and preparation

postoperative management

risks and complications

superficial needle placement

ultrasound-guided interscalene block

Intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring

Intracranial and neurovascular procedures

carotid endarterectomy

indications

intraoperative anesthetic considerations

postoperative considerations

potential complications

preoperative considerations

surgical procedure

craniotomy

brain biopsy

chiari malformation

DBS electrode placement

endoscopic procedures

epidural hematoma evacuation

hemifacial spasm

intracerebral abscess/empyema

ommaya reservoir

pituitary tumor

seizure focus

stereotactic radiosurgery

subdural hematoma evacuation

traumatic brain injury

trigeminal neuralgia

tumors

vascular lesions

ventriculoperitoneal shunt

neuroanesthesia considerations

emergence

intraoperative considerations

postoperative care

potential complications

preoperative assessment and planning

neuroendovascular procedures

physiology

blood-brain barrier

cerebral edema

cerebral metabolism of oxygen

CPP and CBF

intracranial pressure

Intracranial hypertension (ICH), (see also Intracranial pressure (ICP))

Intracranial pressure (ICP)

cerebrospinal fluid

CSF leak

diagnosis

general principles

and ICH

medical treatment

monitoring

postoperative care

surgical treatment

Intraocular pressure (IOP)

anesthetics

PONV

Intraoperative awareness

detecting episodes

incidence

risk factors

symptoms

Intraoperative cell salvage

Intraoperative hemodynamic management

Intraoperative plan

airway instrumentation

inhalational induction

intravenous access

mask ventilation

MSMAIDS algorithm

neuromuscular blocking agent administration

patient monitors, selection of

preoxygenation

Intrathoracic robot-assisted surgery

Intravenous (IV) access

Intravenous (IV) induction agents

dexmedetomidine

etomidate

ketamine

propofol

thiopental

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)

Intubating laryngeal mask (ILMA)

Intubation (see Endotracheal intubation; Nasotracheal intubation; Orotracheal intubation)

Intussusception

anesthetic management

intraoperative management

monitors/lines/positioning

postoperative management/analgesia

preoperative considerations

clinical findings

pathophysiology

signs/symptoms

treatment

Invasive positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV)

indications

modes

Ischemic heart disease (IHD)

clinical syndromes

angina pectoris

ischemic cardiomyopathy

SCD

subendocardial

transmural

coronary artery disease

induction and maintenance

intraoperative management

postoperative ischemia

postoperative management

preoperative evaluation

epidemiology

modifiable risk factors

nonmodifiable risk factors

essential hypertension

medical therapy

myocardial infarction

complications

severity or extent

pathophysiology

atherosclerosis

atherosclerotic plaque changes

myocardial O₂ supply/demand

reperfusion

Ischemic optic neuropathy

Ischemic vascular disease

clinical presentation

non-CEA surgery

emergence/postoperative management

intraoperative management

preoperative considerations

treatment

Isoflurane

Isoproterenol

Isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT)

Jackson-Rees circuit

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa

Junctional rhythm

Kappa receptors

Ketamine

adenotonsillectomy

adverse effects

cardiovascular system

caudal epidural anesthesia

central nervous system

clinical use

dosing

mechanism of action

myringotomy and ventilation tubes

pharmacokinetics

respiratory system

Ketorolac

Kidney disease

acute kidney failure

anesthetic considerations

intraoperative considerations

postoperative consideration

preoperative considerations

chronic kidney disease

epidemiology

nomenclature update

pathophysiology

Kidney transplantation

intraoperative considerations

postoperative considerations

preoperative considerations

Klippel-Feil syndrome

Knee arthroscopy

Knee surgery

Kyphoplasty

Labetalol

Labor analgesia

Lack coaxial system

Lactated Ringers (LR)

Lambert-Beer law

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS)

Laminectomy

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with pulmonary hypertension

anesthetic management

anesthetic technique

diagnosis and evaluation

patient history

patient preparation

perioperative hypotension treatment

perioperative monitoring

physiologic considerations and goals

postoperative management

surgical risks and benefits

Laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery

Laparoscopic surgery

advantages and disadvantages

anesthetic techniques

CO₂ subcutaneous emphysema

complications

endobronchial intubation

gas (CO₂) embolism

hemodynamic effects

indications and techniques

pathophysiologic effects

patient monitoring

pneumoperitoneum

pneumothorax

postoperative recovery

urologic surgery

ventilatory effects

Large a waves

Large v waves

Laryngeal injury

Laryngeal mask

Laryngeal mask airways (LMA)

advantage

airway emergencies

airway rescue device

completion

complications

contraindications

definition

disadvantage

emergence and removal of

failures of

function

insertion

insertion of

intubation

patient positioning

pediatric anesthesiology

preparation

troubleshooting

types

ventilation

Laryngoscopes

blades

Cormack and Lehane views

GlideScope

Laser surgery

airway fire

airway management

endotracheal intubation

indications

intermittent apnea

jet insufflations

manual ventilation

safety precautions

venturi technique

Lateral position

Lateral tunnel fontan

Latex allergy

Left atrial pressure (LAP) overload

Left ventricle systolic function

ejection fraction

fractional area change

LV SAX area measurement

LVEDV/LVESV

M-mode and fractional shortening

regional wall motion abnormality

SV, CO, cardiac index

TEE image planes

Left ventricular end diastolic volume

Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP)

Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT)

long axis view

pulse wave Doppler

Left-sided DLT insertion

LEMS (see Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome)

Levotransposition of the great arteries (L-GTA)

Lidocaine

Line isolation monitor (LIM)

Lingual branch block

Liposuction

Lithotomy

Liver and biliary tract disease

acute parenchymal liver disease

bile metabolism

carbohydrate metabolism

cholestatic liver disease

chronic parenchymal liver disease

circulation

drug metabolism

endocrine functions

erythopoesis

hepatic cirrhosis

immune function

intraoperative considerations

lipid metabolism

macroscopic anatomy

microscopic anatomy

perioperative risk assessment

physiologic derangements

cardiovascular

central nervous system

gastrointestinal

hematologic dysfunction

metabolic abnormalities

pulmonary

renal dysfunction

postoperative considerations

preoperative considerations

protein synthesis and degradation

Liver failure

Liver transplantation

intraoperative considerations

postoperative management

preoperative checklist

preoperative considerations

preoperative evaluation

Local anesthetic toxicity

Local anesthetics

adverse effects/toxicity

clinical uses

mechanism of action

pharmacokinetics

structure/activity relationships

types

Lorazepam

Loss-of-resistance technique

Low amplitude states

Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)

Lower extremity

ankle block (see Ankle block)

femoral nerve block (see Femoral nerve block)

foot and ankle surgery

hip fracture

injury

innervation

lumbar plexus nerves

sacral plexus nerves

knee surgery

lumbar plexus (psoas compartment) block (see Lumbar plexus (psoas compartment) block)

popliteal fossa sciatic nerve block (see Popliteal fossa sciatic nerve block)

proximal sciatic nerve blocks (see Proximal sciatic nerve blocks)

total hip arthroplasty

Low-pressure system

flow control valves

flow meter of

gas flow rate

oxygen flow rate

vaporizers

Lumbar epidural placement

Lumbar plexus (psoas compartment) block

body mass index

contraindications

equipment

evaluation

indications

monitoring

positioning and preparation

postoperative management

risks and complications

surface anatomy

ultrasound-guided LPB

Lumbar plexus nerves

Lung expansion techniques

Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS)

intraoperative anesthetic management

postoperative management

Lyme disease, (see also Inflammatory neurologic disease)

Mac vs. Miller blade, uses of

Macintosh blade

Macroshock

Magill circuit, Mapleson A

Magill forceps

Magnesium therapy

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

airway

complications

induction

maintenance

oral contrast

premedication

preoperative evaluation

safety considerations

Mainstream capnometers

Maintenance of surgical anesthesia

analgesia

balanced vs. total IV methods

hypnosis

neuromuscular blockade

Malar hypoplasia

Malignant hyperthermia (MH)

anesthetic care

definition

pathophysiology

signs and symptoms

treatment

follow-up

initial treatment and resuscitation

postoperative care

Mallampati classification scheme

Malleable stylet

Mandibular and pharyngeal hypoplasia

Manual inline immobilization (MILI)

Mapleson circuits

advantages and disadvantages

brain system (Co-axial Mapleson D)

fresh gas flow

Lack system (Coaxial Mapleson A)

Mapleson A–Magill circuit

Mapleson B and C systems

Mapleson D system

Mapleson E and F systems

Marcaine

Marijuana

Mask ventilation

Masseter muscle spasm (MMS)

Massive transfusion and resuscitation

blood product replacement

causes

complications

definition

management goals

mobilization

protocol

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Mechanical heart valves

Mechanical ventilation

contraindications

indications

medications

modes

sedation

ventilator settings

Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)

Median nerve block

Median/midline approach

Mediastinoscopy

Medullary paralysis

Meningitis

Meningomyelocele

anesthetic management

interoperative management

monitor/lines

postoperative management/diposition

preoperative considerations

clinical findings

pathophysiology

signs/symptoms

surgical treatment

M-entropy module

MEP (see Motor evoked potentials)

Meperidine

Mepivacaine

Metabolic acidosis

Methadone

Methemoglobinemia

Methohexital

Methylegonavine

Metoclopramide

Metoprolol

Metronidazole

Microdiscectomy

Microshock

Midazolam

Mid-latency auditory evoked potential (MLAEP)

Midline approach, spinal anesthesia

Migraine

Miller blade

Mineralocorticoids

Minimal alveolar concentration (MAC)

Minimally invasive neuroendoscopic surgery

Mitral regurgitation (MR)

anesthetic implications

etiology

induction and maintenance, anesthesia

medical management vs. surgical management

monitoring, anesthesia

natural history

pathophysiology

postoperative management

preoperative considerations

severity grading

signs and symptoms

Mitral stenosis (MS)

anesthetic considerations

anesthetic implications

etiology

intrapartum management goals

medical management vs. surgical management

natural history

pathophysiology

pregnancy considerations

severity grading

signs and symptoms

treatment

Mitral valve

20 standard TEE views

anatomy

evaluation

mitral valve regurgitation

mitral valve stenosis

nomenclature

Mivacurium

Mixed central venous oxygen saturation (ScVO₂)

MMS (see Masseter muscle spasm)

Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD)

Modified Brooke formula

Monitored anesthesia care (MAC)

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Morphine

Morphine-6-glucuronide

Motor evoked potentials (MEP)

Motor system diseases

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

clinical presentation

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

induction, anesthesia

maintenance and emergence, anesthesia

muscle channelopathy

post-operative considerations

preoperative considerations

Mu receptors

Multiple aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome (MEN)

Multiple expired gas analysis

Multiple sclerosis (MS), (see also Central demyelinating diseases)

Murphy eye

Muscle channelopathy

Muscle specific kinase (MuSK)

Muscular dystrophy

anesthetic implications

pathophysiology

signs and symptoms

Musculoskeletal exam

Musculoskeletal HA

MuSK (see Muscle specific kinase)

Mustard procedure

Myalgias, NMB drug

Myasthenia gravis (MG)

anesthetic agents

anesthetic emergence

anesthetic plan

clinical presentation and diagnosis

differential diagnosis

induction and intubation methods

MGFA clinical classification

myasthenic crisis

pathophysiology

peripheral nerve stimulator

postoperative considerations

pregnancy

preoperative evaluation

treatment

types

Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA)

Myocardial contractility, inhaled anesthetics

Myocardial infarction (MI)

arrhythmias

infarct extension

mural thrombus

myocardial rupture

papillary muscle dysfunction

pericarditis

right ventricular infarction

severity or extent

subendocardial

transmural

ventricular aneurysm

Myocardial ischemia

aortic regurgitation

aortic stenosis

pulmonary hypertension

Myocardial oxygen balance, valvular heart disease

Myocardial oxygen supply and demand

Myocardial perfusion

Myotonic dystrophy

Myringotomy and ventilation tubes

anesthetic management

disposition

emergence delirium

inhalation induction

intraoperative management

maintenance and induction

postoperative pain

preoperative evaluation

special anesthetic goals/issues

indication

signs and symptoms

surgical treatment

Myxedema coma (MXC)

Nalaxone

Naloxone

Naltrexone

Naproxen

Narcotics

Narcotrend Index Monitor

Naropin

Nasotracheal intubation

contraindications

indications

NASPE/BPEG generic code

defibrillator

pacemaker

National Board of Echocardiography (NBE)

NBE (see National Board of Echocardiography)

Needlestick injury

communication

mechanisms of injury

pathophysiology

prevention

safety devices

sharps management

treatment and management

universal precautions

vaccination

Needle-through-needle technique

Neohepatic phase

Neonatal resuscitation

cognitive aid

considerations and equipment

epinephrine

initial assessment

maternal opioid administration

meconium

nalaxone

NRP algorithm

risk factors

treatment

Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) algorithm

Neostigmine

Nephrectomy

Nephroureterectomy

Nerve disease

anesthetic risk

brain death (see Brain death)

central demyelinating diseases (see Central demyelinating diseases)

cerebellar and basal ganglia diseases (see Cerebellar and basal ganglia diseases)

inflammatory neurologic disease (see Inflammatory neurologic disease)

motor system diseases (see Motor system diseases)

peripheral demyelinating diseases (see Peripheral demyelinating diseases)

Nerve stimulation technique

Nesacaine

Neuraxial anesthesia

Neuroanesthesia

emergence

intraoperative considerations

cerebral protection

fluid and electrolyte management

high venous pressures

ICP management

ICP/CSF drain

induction and maintenance

monitoring

postoperative care

potential complications

bleeding

diabetes insipidus

eye injury

neurogenic pulmonary edema

syndrome of inappropriate ADH

vasospasm

venous air embolus

preoperative assessment and planning

Neuroborreliosis

Neurologic diseases

multiple sclerosis

paraplegia

seizure disorders

Neurologic effect, inhaled anesthesia

Neurological exam

Neuromuscular blocking (NMB)

adverse effects/toxicity

agents

clinical uses

drug interactions

mechanism of action

metabolism

monitoring

reversal of blockade

Neuromuscular effects

Neuromuscular junction (NMJ)

Neuromuscular transmission, physiology of

Neuropathy task force consensus

documentation

equipments

lower extremity positioning

perioperative assessment

postoperative assessment

protective padding

upper extremity positioning

Neurophysiologic monitoring

anesthetic management strategies

evoked potentials

techniques

Neuroradiology

anesthetic considerations

indications

technique

Neurosurgery, steroids

New York Heart Association Classification of Cardiovascular Disease

Nicardipine

NIDDM (see Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus)

Nifedipine

Nissen fundoplication

Nitroglycerin

Nitrous oxide

Nitrous oxide cylinder pressure regulator

Nondepolarizing muscle relaxants

Non-gap acidosis

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV)

advantage and disadvantages

history

indications

modes

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV)

bilevel positive airway pressure

continuous positive airway pressure

criteria

Non-narcotic analgesics

Nonprotein colloids

Nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing

categories

fetal status determination

pathophysiology

risk factors and prevention

treatment and management

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

acetaminophen

adverse effects

adverse effects/toxicity

celecoxib

clinical uses

COX-2 inhibitors

ketorolac

mechanism of action

pharmacokinetics

structure/activity relationships

Norepinephrine

Normal saline (NS)

Normeperidine

Normosol

Normovolemia

hemodilution

maintenance

Normovolemic hemodilution

Norwood procedure

Novocain

NSAIDs (see Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

O₂ therapy

Obesity

arterial HTN

body mass index

diabetes mellitus

epidemiology

gastroesophageal reflux disease

ideal body weight

obstructive sleep apnea

osteoarthritis

perioperative approach

anesthetic emergence

intraoperative management

preoperative considerations

regional anesthesia

physiologic changes

postoperative pain management

thromboembolic disease

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome

Obstetrical anesthesia

cervical cerclage

cesarean delivery

common obstetrical nomenclature

emergent hysterectomy

general anesthesia

instrumented vaginal delivery

nonpharmacologic methods

physiologic changes

postpartum tubal ligation

regional anesthesia

systemic pain medications

Obstetrical emergencies

abnormal placentation

nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing

operative vaginal delivery

shoulder dystocia

umbilical cord prolapse

uterine inversion

vaginal birth after cesarean section/uterine rupture

Obstructive apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

diagnosis

discharge criteria

intraoperative management

pathophysiology

postoperative management

preoperative management

prevalence

Obturator nerve

Occupational exposure, volatile anesthetics

Oculocardiac reflex (OCR)

Office-based anesthesia

Oliguria

Omphalocele

anesthetic management

intraoperative management

monitors/lines

postoperative management

preoperative considerations

pathophysiology/embryology

signs/symptoms/clinical findings

surgical treatment

Ondansetron

One-lung ventilation

Operating room (OR)

ASA guidelines

blood exposure

cardiac catheterization laboratory

computed tomography

difficult-to-sedate patients

electrical OR safety

endoscopy suite

fall hazards

high-risk patient

intensive care unit

magnetic resonance imaging

movement disorders

neuroradiology

postoperative care

procedures

transport

volatile anesthetics, occupational exposure

Operative vaginal delivery

Opiates

Opioids

abuse

adenotonsillectomy

adverse effects/toxicity

agonist/antagonists

antagonists

caudal epidural anesthesia

clinical uses

drug interactions

inhalational agents

mechanism of action

neuraxial administration

parenteral administration

structure/activity relationships

transdermal/transmucosal administration

Orchiectomy

Organophosphate poisoning

Orotracheal intubation

Orthopedic surgery

bone cement implication syndrome

comorbid conditions

fat embolus syndrome

lower extremity surgery

optimize surgical exposure

peripheral nerve injury

postoperative analgesia

postoperative considerations

prevent stretch/compression nerve injuries

regional anesthesia

surgical anesthesia

thromboembolic events

tourniquets

upper extremity surgery

Osteoarthritis (OA)

anesthetic considerations

pathophysiology and characteristics

Outpatient anesthesia

office-based anesthesia

perioperative emergencies and transfer

postanesthetic recovery and discharge

risk evaluation

unanticipated inpatient admission

Ovassapian endoscopic oral airway

Oxidative stress

Oximetric PAC

Oxycodone

Oxygen

delivery to tissue

flush valve

pressure failure devices

Oxygen analyzer

Oxygen cylinder pressure regulator

Oxygen failure

Oxygenation

Oxymetazoline

Oxytocin

Pacemakers

electromagnetic interference sources

indications

magnet functions

NASPE/BPEG code

nomenclature system

stepwise approach, CRMD

Packed red blood cells (PRBCs)

Padded arm boards

Pain management, pediatric anesthesiology

narcotics

non-narcotic analgesics

regional anesthesia

Pancreatic disease

Pancuronium

Paramedian approach

Parathyroid glands

anatomy/normal function

disorders of

hypercalcemia

primary hyperparathyroidism

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Paravertebral blocks

block evaluation

contraindications

equipment

indications

landmark-based PVB technique

monitoring

positioning and preparation

postoperative management

risks and complications

surface anatomy identification

ultrasound-guided PVB technique

Paresthesia

Paresthesia-seeking technique

Parkland formula

Passive scavenging systems

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

clinical findings

intraoperative management

monitors/lines

pathophysiology

postoperative management

preoperative evaluation

signs/symptoms

treatment

PCWP (see Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure)

Peak airway pressure

Pediatric anesthesia

airway exchange catheters

hematology

maximum allowable blood loss

propofol determination

routine airway management

single-lung ventilation

vascular access

vital signs and weight

Pediatric anesthesiology

airway management

asthma

cardiovascular

congenital heart disease

deep extubation

dermatology

emergence agitation

ethical and legal considerations

ex-premature infant

gastrointestinal

hematology

hepatorenal

inhalational induction

narcotics

non-narcotic analgesics

postoperative nausea and vomiting

preoperative labs

regional anesthesia

respiratory

separation anxiety

skeletal muscle relaxation

stridor

upper respiratory infection

vascular access

Pediatric cardiac arrest

bag-valve-mask

breathing

chest compressions

defibrillation

endotracheal intubation

etiology of

Pediatric difficult airway

anticipated difficult airway

choanal atresia

epiglottis

evaluation

failed airway

guidelines

larynx position

malar hypoplasia

mandibular and pharyngeal hypoplasia

oxygenation

special techniques/situations

subglottic area

tongue

Treacher-Collins Syndrome

unanticipated difficult airway

vocal cords

Pediatric dosing

Pediatric pharmacology

Pediatric resuscitation

Pediatric robot-assisted surgery

Penicillin (PCN)

allergy to

crossreactivity

Pentax AWS blade

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

chronic ulcer disease

pathophysiology

Percutaneous balloon valvotomy (PBV)

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

Perineural infusion regimens

Perioperative fluid management

acute respiratory distress syndrome

anuric renal failure

body fluid compartments

burns

cerebral edema

congestive heart failure

continuous goal-directed fluid management

fluid types (see Colloids; Crystalloids)

intracranial neurosurgical patients

intraoperative fluid requirements

laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery

liposuction

liver failure

lung resection

massive trauma

neonates

preeclampsia

Perioperative insulin management

blood glucose

continuous IV insulin infusion protocol

hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia

oral diabetes medications

pharmacologic properties

Perioperative steroid supplementation

Perioperative transesophageal echocardiography (PTEeXAM)

Peripartum cardiomyopathy

Peripheral demyelinating diseases

acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

clinical presentation

induction, anesthesia

maintenance/emergence, anesthesia

post-operative considerations

pre-operative considerations

Peripheral intravenous insertion

Peripheral nerve block (PNB)

adjuncts

benefits of

coagulopathy

contraindications

local anesthetics

nerve anatomy

nerve stimulation techniques

paresthesia-seeking technique

risks of

ultrasound-guided technique

Peripheral nerve injury

Peripheral neuropathy

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)

anesthetic goals

aortic arteriotomy

cardiac intervention

epidemiology

fluid management

general anesthesia

interventional/surgical treatment

medical therapy

monitoring

neuraxial anesthesia/analgesia

pathophysiology

postoperative care

preoperative considerations

regional techniques

revascularization

signs and symptoms

surgical intervention planning

temperature control

Permissive hypercapnea

Peroneal nerve

Perphenazine

Persistent neuromuscular blockade

Persistent neuropathy

Pethick test

Pharmacogenetics

Pharmacokinetics

benzodiazapines

dexmedetomidine

etomidate

inhaled anesthetic agents

ketamine

local anesthetics

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

ondansetron

propofol

steroids

thiopental

Pharmacology

CPNB, perineural infusion

drug absorption

drug administration

drug distribution

drug elimination

drug–drug interactions

epidural anesthesia

block duration determinates

block spread determinates

pediatric pharmacology

pharmacogenetics

pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles

PONV

corticosteroids

D₂ antagonists

H₂ antagonists

M₁ antagonist

NK₁ antagonist

serotonin (5HT₃) receptor

transport across membranes

Phencyclidine

Phenoxybenzamine

Phenylephrine

Phenylephrine spray

Phosphate

hyperphosphatemia

hypophosphatemia

Photoplethysmography

Physiologic deadspace

Physiologic homeostasis

endocrine

hemodynamic parameters

neurologic

renal

respiratory

temperature

Physostigmine

Pierre Robin sequence

Pin Index Safety System

Pink puffers

Pipeline failure

Piperacillin/tazobactam

Pituitary disease

Pituitary disorders

anatomy

anesthesiologists

hypersecretory

hyposecretory

physiology

surgery and anesthetic considerations

Placental abnormalities

Plain angioplasty

Platelet disorders

Platelets

Pneumatic alarm devices

Pneumocephalus

Pneumoperitoneum

Pneumothorax

Polocaine

Polycythemia vera (PV)

Polyuria

Pontocaine

Popliteal fossa sciatic nerve block

contraindications

equipment

evaluation

indications

monitoring

positioning and preparation

postoperative management

risks and complications

stimulating technique

surface anatomy

ultrasound-guided popliteal sciatic nerve block

Positioning complications

eye injury

lower extremity injuries

neuropathy task force consensus

peripheral neuropathy

upper extremity injuries

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)

Positive pressure ventilation

Post anesthesia care unit (PACU)

admission and monitoring

ASA standards

cardiac complications

discharge criteria

neurological problems

phases

postoperative nausea/vomiting

postoperative pain

renal issues

respiratory complications

staffing models

Postdural puncture headache (PDPH)

conservative treatment

differential diagnosis

epidural blood patch (see Epidural blood patch)

headache incidence

intrathecal catheter

natural course

pathophysiology

patient evaluation

spinal anesthesia

symptoms

Postganglionic fibers

Post-op ventilation

acute respiratory distress

extubation criteria

general considerations

noninvasive ventilation

surgery specific considerations

Postoperative blindness

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)

antiemetics

laparoscopic surgery

molecular mechanism

postanesthetic recovery and discharge

prevalence and risk stratification

risk factors

treatment and prevention

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)

coagulation defects

definition

placental abnormalities

retained product conception

risk factors

uterine atony

uterine inversion

Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema (PPE)

Post-tonsillectomy bleeding

Potassium

hyperkalemia

hypokalemia

Potts shunt

Power failure

Preanesthesia assessment

airway complications

airway examination

anesthesia complications

ASA

physical status classification

recommendations

basic standards, ASA

cardiac disease

chest radiograph

electrocardiogram

laboratory assessments

patient medical history

physical examination

pulmonary aspiration prevention

pulmonary disease

surgical complications

Preanesthesia machine checkout

Preanhepatic phase

blood loss

blood products

coagulation

electrolyte management

induction and maintenance

infectious concerns

intravenous therapy

monitoring

normothermia maintenance

Pre-bypass hypertension

Pre-bypass hypotension

Prednisone

Preeclampsia

complications

risks

Preganglionic fibers

Pregnancy

coexisting disease

cardiac disease

definition

dermatologic disorders

endocrine disease

epidemiology

hematologic diseases

neurologic diseases

obesity

posttransplant patients

pulmonary disease

hypertension

analgesia

anesthesia

antihypertensives

classifications

intraoperative

postoperative

preoperative

nonobstetric surgery

physiologic changes

Premature infant

airways

anesthetic management

cardiovascular system

central nervous system

fluid, electrolytes, and nutrition

gastroenteric system

hematologic system

preanesthetic evaluation

respiratory system

temperature regulation

Preoperative assessment

general anesthesia

history and physical examination

local anesthesia

monitored anesthesia care

neuraxial anesthesia

peripheral nerve block

Preoxygenation

Pressure gradients (PG)

Pressure half-time (PHT)

Pressure overload

aortic regurgitation

aortic stenosis

Pressure support ventilation (PSV)

Pressure-control ventilation

Pressure-cycled ventilation (PCV)

Prilocaine

Primary adrenal insufficiency

Procaine

Processed EEG and awareness monitoring

depth of anesthesia monitor

detecting, prevention for

intraoperative awareness

postoperative outcomes

Prochlorperazine

Procoagulant medication

antifibrinolytics

desmopressin (DDAVP)

protamine

recombinant factor VIIa

Promethazine

Prone position

Propofol

antiemetic properties

cardiovascular system

central nervous system

clinical use

inhalational agents

mechanism of action

pharmacokinetics

respiratory system

Propoxyphene

Propranolol

ProSeal LMA

Prostaglandin F_2α

Prosthetic valves

anticoagulation

bioprothetic

high-risk patients

low-risk patients

mechanical

recommended prophylactic anticoagulation

Protamine

Protein colloids

Prothrombin time (PT)

Proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) technique

Proximal sciatic nerve blocks

classic transgluteal technique

contraindications

equipment

evaluation

indications

infragluteal parabiceps (subgluteal) technique

monitoring

positioning and preparation

postoperative management

risks and complications

surface anatomy

ultrasound-guided subgluteal technique

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

Psychiatric diseases

bipolar disorder

depression

behavioral therapy

pharmacotherapy

electroconvulsive therapy

contraindications

description and procedure

hemodynamic effects

indications and mechanism

induction

intraoperative considerations

muscle relaxants

nondepolarizing muscle relaxants

physiologic responses

postoperative concerns

preoperative evaluation

respiratory management

schizophrenia

PT (see Prothrombin time)

PTEeXAM (see Perioperative transesophageal echocardiography)

Pulmonary artery banding

Pulmonary artery (PA) catheter

cardiac output

catheter placement

complications

contraindications

evidence

hemodynamic parameter

indications

PCWP

SVO₂

technical considerations

waveform interpretation

Pulmonary artery catheters (PAC)

Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)

Pulmonary disease

Pulmonary embolism (PE)

anticoagulation

diagnosis

fibrinolysis with tissue plasminogen activator

inferior vena cava

pathophysiology

prevalence

prophylaxis

risk factors

treatment objectives

Pulmonary exam

Pulmonary function changes, spinal anesthesia

Pulmonary function testing

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) (see also Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with pulmonary hypertension)

anesthetic type

classification

definitions

etiology

fluid management

hemodynamic management

induction, anesthesia

maintenance, anesthesia

monitoring

pathophysiology

patient evaluation

postoperative management

preoperative evaluation

sedation

surgical and anesthetic risks

symptoms

ventilator management

Pulmonary regurgitation (PR)

etiology

management considerations

pathophysiology

Pulmonary stenosis

clinical symptoms

etiology

management considerations

pathophysiology

Pulmonary toileting

Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)

Pulsatile devices

Pulse oximetry

accuracy

dyshemoglobinemias

Lambert-Beer law

limitations

types

working principle

Pulse wave Doppler

Pulseless electrical activity

PVR (see Pulmonary vascular resistance)

Pyridostigmine

Quantitative echocardiography

diastolic function

Doppler measurements of PGs

LV systolic function

myocardial function

Radial artery catheterization

Radial nerve block

Radical prostatectomy

access and anesthetic technique

complications

indications

positioning and monitoring

preoperative considerations

Radiofrequency ablations

anesthetic considerations

indications

technique

Rapid sequence induction (RSI)

Rashkind procedure

Rastelli procedure

Reactive airway disease (see Asthma)

Recombinant factor VIIa (RFVIIa)

Recombinant human erythropoietin

Red blood cell (RBC)

Red-man syndrome

Regional analgesia

Regional anesthesia (RA)

anticoagulated patient

cesarean delivery

orthopedic surgery

pediatric anesthesiology

Regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA)

Remifentanil

Remifentanil infusion

Renal effects, inhaled anesthetic agents

Reserve E cylinders

Reservoir breathing bag (RBB)

Respiratory complications

airway obstruction

hypoventilation/hypercarbia

hypoxemia

Respiratory depression

Respiratory distress syndrome

Respiratory failure

Respiratory rehabilitation

Respiratory system

inhaled anesthetic agents

ketamine

propofol

thiopental

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM)

epidemiology and pathophysiology

follow-up

intraoperative considerations

postoperative care

preoperative considerations

signs and symptoms

treatment options

Restrictive lung disease

causes of

definition

intraoperative considerations

pathophysiology

postoperative considerations

preoperative considerations

Retained placenta

anesthetic considerations

pathophysiology

risk factors

treatment/management

Retinal artery/vein occlusion

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)

Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection

Reverse transcriptase

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

anesthetic considerations

associated organ system involvement

cardiovascular

hematologic

hepatic

musculoskeletal (joint involvement)

renal

respiratory

pathophysiology and characteristics

treatment

Rigid bronchoscopy

Robotic surgery

contraindications

indication

intraoperative access, patient

patient positioning

patient preparation and monitoring

potential complications

surgical system

Rocuronium

Ropivacaine

Rule of Nines

children

TBSA

Sacral plexus nerves

Saline versus albumin fluid evaluation (SAFE) trial

Saphenous nerve

Scavenging system

Schizophrenia

Sciatic nerve

Scopolamine

Second gas effect

Sedation

Seldinger technique

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Senning procedure

Sensory dermatomes

Sensory loss

Sensory/motor neuropathy

Separation anxiety

Septic shock

intraoperative management

medications

past medical history

patient history

physical examination

postoperative management

preoperative evaluation and preparation

central venous cannulation

central venous pressure measurement

epinephrine and phenylephrine

etiology

hemodynamic dysfunction

hemodynamic instability management algorithm

inotropes and vasopressors

intravascular volume

Otto Frank pressure-volume loop diagram

physiologic response of the heart

Starling ventricular function curves

vascular dilation

Serotonin receptor antagonists

Sevoflurane

Shivering

Shoulder dystocia

Shunt procedures

Sickle cell anemia

Sickle cell disease (SCD)

diagnosis

etiology

hemoglobin

pathophysiology

perioperative considerations

physiologic changes

prevalence

signs and symptoms

Sidestream capnometers

Simpson’s method

Single-lung ventilation

Sleep

Smoking cessation

COPD

restrictive lung disease

SNAP II

Sniffing position

Soda lyme

Sodium

hypernatremia

hyponatremia

Sodium nitroprusside

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP)

Spina bifida cystica

Spina bifida occulta

Spinal anesthesia

contraindications

equipment

indications

local anesthesia

pharmacology

risks and complications

spinal cord, anatomy

technique

Spinal dysraphism

Spinal fusion

Spinal needle insertion technique

Spine surgery

anatomy

cervical spine

intervertebral discs

lumbar spine

spinal cord

spinal nerves

thoracic spine

33 vertebrae

pathology

ankylosing spondylitis

osteoarthritis

rheumatoid arthritis

spinal cord compression

spinal cord transection

perioperative approach

intraoperative considerations

postoperative considerations

preoperative considerations

procedures

Spirometry

Spontaneous ventilation

Bain system (co-axial Mapleson D)

Mapleson A–Magill circuit

Mapleson D system

Mapleson E and F system

SSEP (see Somatosensory evoked potentials)

Standard ASA monitors

arterial blood pressure

carbon dioxide

ECG

multiple expired gas analysis

oxygen analyzer

pulse oximetry

standard I

standard II

temperature

Starling curves

Steering technique

Stenting

Steroids

adrenal insufficiency, (see also Adrenal insufficiency)

adverse effects/toxicity

classification

clinical uses, anesthesiology

mechanism of action

pharmacokinetics

physiologic effects

regulation

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

STOP-BANG screening tool

Strict sterile technique

Stylet

Eschmann

introducer

Malleable

Subarachnoid hematoma

Subclavian vein

Subdural hematoma

Subendocardial infarction

Succinylcholine

Sudden cardiac death (SCD)

Sufentanil

Sulfhemoglobinemia

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)

Superior laryngeal nerve block

Superior vena cava (SVC)

Supine position

Supraclavicular block

contraindications

equipment

evaluation

indications

monitoring

plumb-bob technique

positioning and preparation

postoperative management

risks and complications

surface anatomy

ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block

Supraglottic airway device (see also Laryngeal mask airways (LMA))

advantages

combitube

flexible FOI, LMA-Classic

intubating LMA

limitations

LMA, contraindications

LMA-ProSeal and LMA-Supreme

Supraventricular dysrhythmias

atrial fibrillation

atrial flutter

junctional rhythm

supraventricular tachycardia

Supraventricular tachycardia

Supreme LMA

Surgical anesthesia

Surgical patient positioning

complications

factors affecting

guidelines

lateral

lithotomy

prone

proper positioning

supine

Surgical site infection (SSI) prophylaxis

Swan-Ganz catheter

Symptomatic bradycardia

Synthetic steroids

Systemic failure

Systemic hypotension

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

anesthetics

intraoperative

postoperative

preoperative

definition

drug-induced SLE

epidemiology

organ involvement

pathophysiology

treatment

Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

Tachycardia

Tamponade

TBSA (see Total body surface area)

TEG (see Thromboelastogram)

Temporomandibular joints (TMJ)

Tension pneumothorax

Tertiary AI

Tetany

Tetracaine

Tetralogy of fallot (TOF)

Thalassemia

Thionamides

Thiopental

cardiovascular system

central nervous system

clinical use

mechanism of action

pharmacokinetics

respiratory system

Thoracic anesthesia

anesthetic management

endoscopic procedures

general anesthesia

hypoxemia

lung volume reduction surgery

lung volumes and capacities

one-lung ventilation

positioning

postoperative management

preoperative assessment and management

pulmonary ventilation and perfusion

regional analgesia

tracheal resection and reconstruction

video-assisted thoracic surgery

Thoracic aortic aneurysms

airway management

anterograde cerebral perfusion

circulatory arrest

coagulopathy

Crawford classification

definition and etiology

fluid management

induction, anesthesia

intraoperative considerations

partial bypass/left heart bypass

preoperative considerations

renal protection

spinal cord protection/neurologic protection

surgical and anesthetic complications

surgical considerations

surgical intervention

Thoracic injury

blunt cardiac

cardiac tamponade

dysrhythmias

myocardial ischemia

Thoracic robotic surgery

Thoracic surgery

Three-axes theory

Thrombin time (TT)

Thrombocytopenia

Thromboelastogram (TEG)

clot formation

maximum amplitude (MA)

normal and abnormal

Thromboelastography

Thromboembolic disease

Thrombolytic medications

Thrombosis

myocardial infarction

pulmonary embolus

Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP-HUS)

Thrombus formation

Thymectomy

Thyroid disease

complications

hyperthyroidism

causes

etiology

Graves disease

intraoperative treatment

preoperative anesthesia evaluation

prevalence

signs and symptoms

thyroid storm

treatment

hypothyroidism

etiology

intraoperative treatment

postoperative treatment

preoperative anesthesia evaluation

prevalence

primary hypothyroidism

secondary hypothyroidism

signs and symptoms

treatment

myxedema coma

T3 and T4

TSH and TRH

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Thyroid storm (TS)

catecholamine secretion

mortality rates

symptoms

treatment and resuscitation

Thyrotropin

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Thyroxine (T4)

Tidal volume

Timolol

Tissue Doppler

TMJ (see Temporomandibular joints)

Tonsillectomy

Total body surface area (TBSA)

Total body water (TBW)

Total hip arthroplasty

coronary artery disease

anesthesia selection

antibiotic prophylaxis

general anesthesia management

intraoperative management

myocardial oxygen supply and demand

patient history

patient monitoring

postoperative management

preoperative assessment and management

lower extremity surgery

Total intravenous anesthetic (TIVA)

Total iron binding capacity (TIBC)

Total knee arthoplasty

Total spinal anesthesia

Toxicity

anticholinesterase agents

benzodiazapines

glucocorticoids

local anesthetics

neuromuscular blocking drugs

opioids

Toxins

Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)

anesthetic management

intraoperative management

monitors/lines

preoperative considerations

clinical findings

monitors/lines

pathophysiology/anatomy

postoperative management

signs/symptoms

surgical treatment

Train of four (TOF) stimulation

Tramadol

mechanism of action

metabolism

Tranexemic acid (TA)

Transdermal scopolamine

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)

adult cardiac surgery

aortic valve

anatomy

aortic regurgitation

aortic valve stenosis

ASE/SCA 20 TEE views

ASE/SCA 20 view exam

contraindications

coronary artery disease

credentialing

equipment

general indications

ICU patient, management

intracardiac masses and embolic assessment

mitral valve

20 standard TEE views

anatomy

evaluation

mitral valve regurgitation

mitral valve stenosis

nomenclature

normal values

quantitative echocardiography (see Quantitative echocardiography)

risks and complications

surgical intervention, cardiac complications

Transfusion

acute hemolytic reaction

delayed hemolytic reaction

human error

infectious risks

reactions

transfusion related acute lung injury

Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI)

Transient neurologic symptoms (TNS)

Transmural infarction

Transplant surgery, steroids

Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE)

Transtracheal nerve block

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

anesthetic techniques

complications

indications

monitoring

positioning

TURP syndrome

Transversus abdominis plane blocks

block evaluation

contraindications

equipment

indications

landmark-based TAP block

monitoring

positioning and preparation

postoperative management

risks and complications

surface anatomy identification

ultrasound-guided TAP block

Trauma

airway management

anesthetic agents

brain injury

damage control

fluid resuscitation

induction agents

initial assessment

intraoperative awareness

ketamine

monitoring

muscle relaxants

nitrous oxide

opioids

spinal cord injury

thoracic injury

Treacher Collins syndrome

Trendelenburg position

Tricuspid atresia

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR)

Tricuspid stenosis (TS)

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Triiodothyronine (T3)

Tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane (THAM)

Truncal blocks

paravertebral blocks (see Paravertebral blocks)

transversus abdominis plane blocks (see Transversus abdominis plane blocks)

Truncus arteriosus

TT (see Thrombin time)

TTE (see Transthoracic echocardiography)

Tumescent technique

Two-dimensional (2D) TEE probe

Ulcerative colitis

Ulnar nerve

Ulnar nerve block

Ultrasound equipment

Ultrasound-guided ankle block

Ultrasound-guided axillary block

Ultrasound-guided distal upper extremity

Ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block

Ultrasound-guided infraclavicular block

Ultrasound-guided interscalene block

Ultrasound-guided paravertebral blocks technique

Ultrasound-guided popliteal fossa sciatic nerve block

Ultrasound-guided posterior lumbar plexus block

Ultrasound-guided subgluteal sciatic block

Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block

Ultrasound-guided TAP block

Ultrasound-guided technique, CPNB

Ultrasound waves

Umbilical cord prolapse

Unilateral epidural anesthesia

Unique LMA

Upper airway

Upper extremity

anesthetic considerations

axillary block (see Axillary block)

distal upper extremity peripheral nerve blocks (see Distal upper extremity peripheral nerve blocks)

hand and elbow surgery

infraclavicular block (see Infraclavicular block)

injury

innervation

interscalene block (see Interscalene block)

regional anesthetic techniques

shoulder surgery

supraclavicular block (see Supraclavicular block)

Upper respiratory infection (URI)

Urologic surgery

cystectomy

cystoscopy

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

laparoscopic surgery

nephrectomy

nephroureterectomy

orchiectomy

radical prostatectomy

retroperitoneal lymph node dissection

transurethral resection of the prostate

Uterine atony

Uterine inversion

Uterine laceration

Uterine rupture

V₄ lead, myocardial ischemia detection

“v” wave

Vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC)

Valvular heart disease

antibiotic prophylaxis, endocarditis

aortic regurgitation

aortic stenosis

mechanical heart valves

mitral regurgitation

mitral stenosis

patient care principles

prosthetic valves

pulmonary valve disease

tricuspid valve disease

Valvular repair

Vancomycin

Vaporizers

Variable-bypass vaporizers

Vasoactive drugs

Vasodilators

Vaso-occlusive crises (VOC)

Vasopressin

Vecuronium

Venous air embolus

Venous sinus thrombosis

Ventilation, laryngeal mask airway

Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatching

Ventilator management

Ventilator settings

fraction of inspired oxygen

inspiratory to expiratory ratio

peak airway pressure

plateau pressures

positive end-expiratory pressure

respiratory rate

tidal volume

Ventilatory failure

anatomic causes

gas exchange abnormalities

muscular causes

neurologic causes

pleura disorders

Ventilatory management

Ventricular assist devices (VADs)

ACLS

anesthetic plan

arrhythmias

bleeding

coordination

device failure

device management

hemodynamic instability

histology

hypoxemia

intraoperative complications

long-term support

monitoring, anesthesia

parts

perioperative approach

postoperative considerations

preoperative checklist

short-term support

Ventricular dysrhythmia

premature ventricular contraction

Torsades de pointes

ventricular fibrillation

ventricular tachycardia

Ventricular fibrillation

Ventricular tachycardia

Video laryngoscopes (VLs)

description

ETT placement

steering vs. channeled

types

uses of

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)

Vigilance

Viral transmission, blood transfusion

Volatile anesthetics

Volume overload

aortic regurgitation

mitral regurgitation

Volume-cycled ventilation (VCV)

assist-controlled

assisted

controlled

intermittent mechanical ventilation

volume control

Von Willebrand disease (VWD)

Warfarin

Water disturbances

hypervolemia

hypovolemia

total body water

Water, electrolyte, and acid/base disturbances

arrhythmias

calcium

enzymatic function

gap acidosis

hemodynamic changes

hypervolemia

hypovolemia

incidence/prevalence

metabolic acidosis

non-gap acidosis

phosphate

potassium

sodium

total body water

work of breathing

Waterston shunt

Waveform analysis

Waveform interpretation, PA catheter

Whipple procedure

Williams endoscopic oral airway

Wire crichothyroidotomy

“x” descent

Xylocaine

“y” descent

Zollinger–Ellison (ZE) syndrome

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Tags: manual of clinical anesthesiology

Dec 2, 2016 | Posted by admin in ANESTHESIA | Comments Off

Anesthesia Key

Fastest Anesthesia & Intensive Care & Emergency Medicine Insight Engine

Venous Air Embolus

References

Opioids

References

Opioid Antagonists

References

NSAIDS

References

IV Induction Agents

References

Inhaled Anesthetics

References

Adrenergic Agonists

References

Adrenergic Antagonists

References

Corticosteroids

References

Antibiotics

References

Antiemetics

References

Hematologics

References

Appendix C: Crisis Management Cognitive Aids

How to Use Cognitive Aids in Crisis Management

PRACTICAL CLINICAL DRUG DOSING

References

Index

Related

Stay updated, free articles. Join our Telegram channel

Full access? Get Clinical Tree

Anesthesia Key

Fastest Anesthesia & Intensive Care & Emergency Medicine Insight Engine

Venous Air Embolus

References

Opioids

References

Opioid Antagonists

References

NSAIDS

References

IV Induction Agents

References

Inhaled Anesthetics

References

Adrenergic Agonists

References

Adrenergic Antagonists

References

Corticosteroids

References

Antibiotics

References

Antiemetics

References

Hematologics

References

Appendix C: Crisis Management Cognitive Aids

How to Use Cognitive Aids in Crisis Management

PRACTICAL CLINICAL DRUG DOSING

References

Index

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