Sympathomimetics |
Fight or flight response
Hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, mydriasis, altered mental status
Risks: rhabdomyolysis, myocardial infarction, stroke
Management: benzodiazepines, cooling
Toxins: cocaine, PCP, XTC, amphetamines
|
Anticholinergics |
Similar to sympathomimetic toxidrome except skin is dry
Tachycardia, hyperthermia, dry, hot flushed skin, mydriasis, altered mental status, urine and stool retention
Hot as a hare, dry as a bone, red as a beet, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter, plugged as a pig
Risks: arrhythmias, seizures, rhabdomyolysis
Toxins: TCA, jimsonweed, antihistamines, phenothiazines
Treatment: NaHCO3 for TCA
|
Cholinergics |
Secretions from all sites
Clinical findings include: SLUDGE Salivation, small pupils, Lacrimation, Urination, Diarrhea, diaphoresis, GI cramps, Emesis And the B‘s: Bradycardia, Bronchorrhea, Bronchoconstriction
Toxin: organophosphate
Management:
○ Protective clothing
○ Decontaminate patient
○ Supportive treatment
○ Atropine, pralidoxime
|
Opioids |
Depression of pulse, blood pressure, respiratory drive, miosis
Cause of death is respiratory arrest, risk of pulmonary edema
Treatment: naloxone, supportive care
Toxins: morphine, codeine
|
Sedatives |
Depression of blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate
Benzodiazepine clinical picture is of depressed mental status with normal vital signs
Treatment: supportive, flumazenil in some benzodiazepine cases but increased risk of seizures; contraindicated in multidrug ingestion
|
|
