The Anesthetic Plan and Induction of Anesthesia

MANUAL OF

Clinical
Anesthesiology

INCLUDING

Color Atlas of Regional Anesthesia

Color Atlas of Transesophageal Echocardiography

Color Atlas of Anesthesia Procedures

Crisis Management Cognitive Aids

MANUAL OF

Clinical
Anesthesiology

EDITED BY

Larry F. Chu, MD, MS

Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford, California

Andrea J. Fuller, MD

University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado

ASSOCIATE EDITORS

Calvin Kuan, MD – Pediatric Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford, California

Danielle Ludwin, MD

Columbia University School of Medicine

New York, New York

Edward R. Mariano, MD – Regional Anesthesia

University of California – San Diego
San Diego, California

Nathaen Weitzel, MD – Cardiac Anesthesia

University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado

Acquisitions Editor: Brian Brown

Product Manager: Nicole Dernoski

Production Manager: Bridgett Dougherty

Senior Manufacturing Manager: Benjamin Rivera

Marketing Manager: Angela Panetta

Design Coordinator: Stephen Druding

Production Service: SPi Global

Two Commerce Square

2001 Market Street

Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA

LWW.com

All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright.

Printed in China

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Manual of clinical anesthesiology / [edited by] Larry Chu, Stanford University School of Medicine; Department of Anesthesia, Stanford, CA 94305, aimlabstanford@gmail.com,

Andrea Fuller, andisamf@aol.com.—First edition.

p. ; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-7817-7379-9 (alk. paper)

1. Anesthesiology—Outlines, syllabi, etc. 2. Anesthesiology—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Chu, Larry, editor. II. Fuller, Andrea, editor.

[DNLM: 1. Anesthesia—Outlines. 2. Anesthetics—Outlines. WO 218.2]

RD82.4.M36 2011

617.9’6—dc22

2010048730

Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of the information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner.

The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug.

Some drugs and medical devices presented in the publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice.

To purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer service department at (800) 638-3030 or fax orders to (301) 223-2320. International customers should call (301) 223-2300.

Visit Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on the Internet: at LWW.com. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins customer service representatives are available from 8:30 am to 6 pm, EST.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

To Molly, Sherman, Anita, and Fred with much love (L.C.)

To all the anesthesia providers up in the middle of the night, working to keep patients safe (A.F.)

Preface

Larry F. Chu, MD, MS

Being the first to do something new is a uniquely terrifying experience. The concept of a practical book of anesthesiology, designed to be used at the point of care, is not new. However, my vision in creating this book was to offer a highly visual text, written in a rapid reference format that would bring the practice of anesthesiology alive to the reader in ways that have not been done before. My goal was to incorporate cognitive aids, clinical algorithms, and visual atlases of anesthesia practice into a single portable reference text that could be used at the point of care. I think this book has achieved these goals and offers something uniquely appealing to today’s highly visual learners and practicing anesthesiologists.

Having a vision is an easy thing. To bring that vision to reality is the true challenge. I could not have asked for a better partner in this process than Dr. Andrea J. Fuller. Her intellect, dedication, and good humor throughout the five-year process of producing this book have been the primary reasons for its success. I also want to thank my Chairman, Dr. Ronald G. Pearl, for his mentorship and support during these years of work and, of course, Molly Chu without whose love and support this book would not have been possible.

Larry F. Chu, MD, MS
Stanford, California

Andrea J. Fuller, MD

The practice of anesthesiology requires us to think “on the fly.” We are often faced with clinical challenges late at night, emergently, and in patients with coexisting illnesses. The goal of this book was to provide a reliable place to turn at the point of care. We went to great lengths to recruit contributors and editors from every area of the country in an effort to reflect a broad view of the specialty and not just an institutional or regional approach. It is intended for anyone who practices general anesthesiology, whether he or she has been practicing for 3 days or 30 years.

I would like to thank Dr. Larry F. Chu for asking me to be involved in this project at a time when I was looking for academic challenges. I knew his unique ability to condense complex topics into visual resources would make this book special. I believe it has. I am sincerely grateful to my colleagues at the University of Colorado, many of whom have helped make this book a reality with contributions, time, and encouragement. Finally, I must thank my family—Sam, Brian, Henry, Norma, Bob, and John—for their unending love and support.

Andrea J. Fuller, MD
Aurora, Colorado

How to Use this Book

This book is designed to be used at the point of clinical care by practicing anesthesiologists. It is not a textbook of anesthesiology. There are already many excellent texts that provide detailed explanations of the principles and practice of perioperative medicine.

This is a manual of clinical anesthesiology.

We have designed it from the beginning to be a highly visual manual of anesthetic practice that brings practical information where it is needed most: in the operating room, on the wards, and at the patient bedside.

We have incorporated cognitive aids, clinical algorithms, and visual atlases of anesthesia practice into a single portable reference text that is intended to be used at the point of care.

In order to facilitate rapid reference of material, we have utilized several graphical conventions throughout this book.

You may already have noticed the use of color to provide emphasis to important ideas and information within the text.

Chapters are also easily identified by numbers that are printed in large, easy-to-read type at the top of each chapter heading.

Sections of the book are also immediately identified by color bars that are printed on the edge of the page, making it easy to rapidly reference sections of the text.

Finally, we have three main graphical enhancements: (1) the read more arrow to direct you to related material, (2) the skull and bones to alert you to important clinical information, and (3) pearls, which help highlight interesting and useful facts and information.

Monitoring Equipment and Procedures Subspecialty Anesthesia

Contributors

Distinguished Contributors

Jay B. Brodsky, MD

Professor, Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Medical Director, Perioperative Services

Stanford University Medical Center

Stanford, California

Raymond Gaeta, MD

Associate Professor

Department of Anesthesia

Division of Pain Management

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Glenn P. Gravlee, MD

Professor

Director of Education

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Anita Honkanen, MD

Chief, Division of Pediatric Anesthesia

Clinical Associate Professor

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Ronald G. Pearl, MD, PhD

Dr. Richard K. and Erika N. Richards Professor

Chairman

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Myer Rosenthal, MD

Professor Emeritus

Departments of Anesthesia, Medicine, and Surgery

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Steven L. Shafer, MD

Professor of Anesthesiology, Columbia University

New York, New York

Adjunct Professor of Anesthesia, Stanford University

Stanford, California

Adjunct Professor of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF

San Francisco, California

Editor-in-Chief, Anesthesia & Analgesia

Contributing Authors

Scott M. Ahlbrand, MD

Clinical Instructor (Affiliated)

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Bryan Ahlgren, DO

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Dondee Almazan, MD

Pediatric Anesthesia Fellow

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Leslie C. Andes, MD

Valley Anesthesiology Consultants

Barrow Neurological Institute

Phoenix, Arizona

Elisabeth A. Aron, MD, FACOG

Senior Clinical Instructor

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Arthur Atchabahian, MD

Associate Professor of Clinical Anesthesiology

The Hospital for Joint Diseases

NYU School of Medicine

New York, New York

Rachel L. Boggus, MD

Anesthesiology Resident

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Jonathan T. Bradley, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Trent Bryson, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Marek Brzezinski, MD, PhD

Associate Professor of Clinical Anesthesia

Department of Anesthesia

University of California – San Francisco

San Francisco, California

Scott W. Byram, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesiology

Loyola University Medical Center

Maywood, Illinois

Divya Chander, MD, PhD

Instructor, Department of Anesthesia

Fellow, Department of Bioengineering

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Matthew T. Charous, MD

Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine Fellow

Department of Anesthesiology

University of California – San Diego

San Diego, California

Sara S. Cheng, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Ellen Choi, MD

Pediatric Anesthesia Fellow

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Larry F. Chu, MD, MS

Associate Professor of Anesthesia

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Christopher L. Ciarallo, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Carlee A. Clark, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine

Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina

Rebecca Claure, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Jeromy Cole, MD

Anesthesia Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Matthew D. Coleman, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesiology

College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University

New York, New York

Christopher Cornelissen, DO

Division Head

Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anesthesia

Naval Medical Center, San Diego

San Diego, California

Tony Cun, BS

Research Assistant

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Brian M. Davidson, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Arjun Desai, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Laura Downey, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

James C. Duke, MD, MBA

Associate Professor of Anesthesiology

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Steven B. Edelstein, MD

Professor and Vice-Chairman

Department of Anesthesiology

Loyola University Medical Center

Maywood, Illinois

Brian J. Egan, MD, MPH

Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology

Department of Anesthesiology

Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons

New York, New York

Reuben L. Eng, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesia

University of Calgary

Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Amy R. Evers, MD

Obstetrical Anesthesia Associates

St. John’s Mercy Medical Center

St. Louis, Missouri

Ruth Fanning, MB, MRCPI, FFARCSI

Clinical Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Ana Fernandez-Bustamante, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Matthew J. Fiegel, MD

Assistant Professor; Director

Acute Pain Service

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Andrea J. Fuller, MD

Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Amy J. Gagnon, MD

Fellow/Instructor of Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Lisa Gramlich, MD

Associate Professor

Director of Pediatric Anesthesia

Loyola University Medical Center

Maywood, Illinois

Sara Goldhaber-Fiebert, MD

Clinical Instructor

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Anastassia Grigorieva, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Baltimore, Maryland

Eric Gross, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Cosmin Guta, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Joyce Hairston, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Kellie Hancock, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

T. Kyle Harrison, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor of Anesthesia (Affiliated)

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Staff Physician, VA Palo Alto Health Care System

Palo Alto, California

Jonathan Hastie, MD

Department of Anesthesiology

Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons

New York, New York

Justin W. Heil, MD, PhD

Director, Acute Pain Service

Naval Medical Center – San Diego

San Diego, California

Peter M. Hession, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas

Charles C. Hill, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Camille Hoffman, MD

Fellow/Instructor of Maternal Fetal Medicine

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Steven K. Howard, MD

Associate Professor

Department of Anesthesiology

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Robert L. Hsiung, MD

Staff Anesthesiologist

Virginia Mason Medical Center

Seattle, Washington

Haley G. Hutting, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Caleb Ing, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesiology

College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University

New York, New York

Jerry Ingrande, MD, MS

Instructor

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Gillian E. Johnson, MB, Bchir

Anesthesiologist

Pike’s Peak Anesthesia Associates

Colorado Springs, Colorado

Albert C. Ju, MD

Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology

Department of Anesthesiology

Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons

New York, New York

Alma N. Juels, MD

Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology

Attending Physician

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Bassam Kadry

Bronwen F. Kahn, MD

Fellow, Instructor of Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Athina Kakavouli, MD

Fellow

Department of Anesthesiology

Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons

New York, New York

Jack Kan, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Nicholette Kasman, MD

Pediatric Anesthesiologist

Children’s Hospital and Research Center Oakland

Oakland, California

Shanthala Keshavacharya, MD

Anesthesiologist

Sequoia Hospital

Redwood City, California

Russell Kinder, MD

Resident Physician

Virginia Mason Medical Center

Seattle, Washington

Stephen M. Klein, MD

Associate Professor

Chief, Division of Ambulatory Anesthesiology

Department of Anesthesiology

Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina

Matthew S. Koehler, MD

Staff Anesthiologist

Kaiser Permanente

Denver, Colorado

Benjamin Kratzert, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care

University of New Mexico

Albuquerque, NM

Calvin Kuan, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Vivekanand Kulkarni, MD, PhD

Clinical Assistant Professor of Anesthesia

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Sunil Kumar, MD, FFARCS

Associate Professor of Anesthesiology

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Shaun Kunnavatana, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Christopher Lace, MD

Clinical Faculty

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Samsun (Sem) Lampotang, PhD

Professor of Anesthesiology

Director, Center for Simulation, Safety & Advanced Learning Technology

University of Florida College of Medicine

Gainesville, Florida

John S. Lee, MD

Anesthesia and Critical Care Fellow

University of California – San Francisco

San Francisco, California

Ray S. Lee, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesiology

Virginia Mason Medical Center

Seattle, Washington

Wesley Liao, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine

The Johns Hopkins Hospital

Baltimore, Maryland

Geoff Lighthall, MD

Associate Professor

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Ludwig H. Lin, MD

Clinical Associate Professor

Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care

Stanford University School of Medicone

Stanford, California

Linda L. Liu, MD

Professor of Clinical Anesthesia

Department of Anesthesia

UCSF School of Medicine

San Francisco, California

Vanessa J. Loland, MD

Assistant Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology

Fellowship Director, Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine

University of California – San Diego

San Diego, California

Allison Long, MD

Clinical Faculty

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Danielle B. Ludwin, MD

Assistant Professor of Anesthesia

Department of Anesthesiology

Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons

New York, New York

Alex Macario, MD, MBA

Professor of Anesthesia and (by courtesy) of Health Research & Policy

Residency Program Director

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Sarah J. Madison, MD

Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine Fellow

Department of Anesthesia

University of California – San Diego

San Diego, California

Kevin Malott, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital

Stanford, California

Edward R. Mariano, MD, MAS

Associate Professor of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Chief, Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care Service

Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System

Palo Alto, California

Bryan Maxwell, MD, MPH

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Steve Melton, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesiology

Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina

Julianne M. Mendoza, MD

Pediatric Anesthesia Fellow

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Samuel A. Mireles, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Seshadri C. Mudumbai, MD

Instructor

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Jamie D. Murphy, MD

Assistant Professor of Anesthesia

Department of Anesthesiology

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Baltimore, Maryland

Vladimir Nekhendzy, MD

Clinical Associate Professor

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Lynn Ngai, BS

Research Assistant

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

John H. Nguyen, MD

Clinical Instructor

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Daryl A. Oakes, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor of Anesthesia

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Sabin Oana, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesiology

Loyola University Hospital

Maywood, Illinois

Obianuju Okocha, MD

Instructor

Department of Anesthesiology

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Chicago, Illinois

Amanda L. Peterson, MD

Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine Fellow

Department of Anesthesiology

University of California – San Diego

San Diego, California

Rohith Piyaratna, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Tzevan Poon, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Chad Pritts, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor of Anesthesia and Critical Care

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Xiang Qian, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Karim Rafaat, MD

Fellow, Pediatric Anesthesia

Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital

Palo Alto, California

Gurdev Rai, MD

Clinical Faculty

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Jason G. Ramirez, MD

Private Practice

Denver, Colorado

Edward T. Riley, MD

Associate Professor – Med Center Line

Department of Anesthesia

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (By courtesy)

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Prairie Neeley Robinson, MD

Fellow

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Echo V. Rowe, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor of Anesthesia

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Christie M. Sasso, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesia

Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons

New York, New York

Dominique H. Schiffer, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

James Sederberg, MD

Clinical Faculty

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Tamas Seres, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Evan Serfass, MD, PhD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Jeannie Seybold, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Vikas Shah, MD, PhD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Marina Shindell, DO

Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Jessica Spellman, MD

Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology

Department of Anesthesiology

Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons

New York, New York

Quinn Stevens, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Naiyi Sun, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Pedro P. Tanaka, MD, PhD

Clinical Associate Professor

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Judy Thai, MD

Cardiac Anesthesia, Staff Anesthesiologist

Kaiser Permanente, Oakland

Oakland, California

Christopher Tirce, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Hien Nicole Tran, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Medicine

Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center

Oakland, California

Andrew Wall, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Amy Wang, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Binbin Wang, MD

Anesthesia and Critical Care Fellow

University of California – San Francisco

San Francisco, California

Nathaen Weitzel, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Barbara J. Wilkey, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Julie L. Williamson, DO

Clinical Assistant Professor

Department of Anesthesia and Pediatrics

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Gregory A. Wolff, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora, Colorado

Becky Wong, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Romy Yun, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California

Daniel Zaghi, MD

Clinical Research Fellow

Department of Dermatology

University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah

Consultants

Anita Y. Chu, BPharm, RPh, PharmD

Clinical Pharmacist and Instructor

University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics

Staff Pharmacist and Clinical Instructor

William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital

Madison, Wisconsin

Stanford Anesthesia Informatics and Media Lab

Major portions of this text were developed by the Stanford Anesthesia Informatics and Media Lab, specifically the visual atlases and cognitive aids. We would like to recognize these important contributors to this book.

Larry Chu, MD, MS

Director

Stanford AIM Lab

Dan Hoang, BA

Senior Production Assistant

Stanford AIM Lab

Anna Clemenson, BA

Production Assistant

Stanford AIM Lab

Tony Cun, BS

Production Assistant

Stanford AIM Lab

Lynn Ngai, BS

Production Assistant

Stanford AIM Lab

Reviewers

We would like to acknowledge the following individuals for contributing their aid and expert opinion in reviewing select chapters of this book. Their contributions have helped to ensure the accuracy and quality of these chapters.

Tim Angelotti, MD

Associate Professor of Anesthesia

Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Jay Brodsky, MD

Professor, Department of Anesthesia

Stanford University School of Medicine

Medical Director, Perioperative Services

Stanford University Medical Center

Brenda Bucklin, MD

Professor

Department of Anesthesiology