Residents are also required to obtain minimum number of certain cases to ensure they see a variety of patients during their residency. These include both specific case types, as well as procedures (Table 57.1). There are stated case minimums for cardiac surgery, noncardiac thoracic surgery, vascular surgery, and intracranial surgery. Also, residents must show that they are involved with patients undergoing vaginal and cesarean deliveries (including high-risk obstetrics). A minimum number of spinal and epidural are required as well, as are a minimum number of peripheral nerve blocks performed. Also, there must be evidence of pain evaluations (separate from a nerve block) for patients who are suffering from either acute or chronic pain. It must be documented that patients with complex, life-threatening injuries, such as trauma or burn patients, must also be treated by anesthesiology residents during their training. Finally, to ensure that the resident has cared for an adequate number of pediatric patients, there are minimums based on patient’s age.