Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a chemically diverse group of agents that have similar pharmacologic properties and are widely used for control of pain and inflammation (Table II–39). Overdose by most of the agents in this group usually produces only mild GI upset. However, toxicity may be more severe after overdose with oxyphenbutazone, phenylbutazone, mefenamic acid, piroxicam, or diflunisal.
Drug | Maximum Daily Adult Dose (mg) | Half-life (h) | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
Carboxylic acids | |||
Bromfenac sodium | 150 | 1–2 | Chronic use associated with severe liver injury. |
Carprofen | 4 mg/kg (PO or SC) | 4–10 (PO) 12 (IV) | Approved for use in dogs only. |
Diclofenac | 200 | 2 | |
Diflunisal | 1500 | 8–12 | |
Etodolac | 1000 | 7 | |
Fenoprofen | 3200 | 3 | Acute renal failure. |
Ibuprofen a | 3200 | 2–4 | Massive overdose may cause coma, renal failure, metabolic acidosis, and cardiorespiratory depression. |
Indomethacin | 200 | 3–11 | |
Ketoprofen a | 300 | 2–4 | Large overdoses may cause respiratory depression, coma, and seizures. |
Ketorolac | 40 (PO) 60–120 (IV) | 4–6 | High risk for renal failure. |
