Injection Agents

Local anesthetics: Reversibly block sodium channels to impede nerve conduction. Generally, smaller unmyelinated fibers are more susceptible to local anesthetics than larger myelinated fibers. Nociceptors are blocked first, then proprioception/light touch, followed by motor fibers

Duration of action:

procaine – lasts about 30-90 mins. lidocaine – lasts about 2-4 hrs. mepivacaine – lasts about 3-5 hrs. bupivicaine – lasts about 6-12 hrs.

Types:

Amino esters (structurally related to paraaminobenzoic acid, which is a known allergen; allergic reactions have occurred with the use of tetracaine). Examples: cocaine, procaine, chlorprocaine, tetracaine.

Amino amides (have two “i” in their generic name)

Examples: lidocaine, bupivacaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, etidocaine, ropivacaine.

Steroids:

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