Advancing age

Female gender

Environmental hazards

Previous falls

Living alone

Muscle weakness

Impaired balance/gait

Impaired mobility

Use of assistive devices

Sensory abnormality

Impaired vision

Impaired activities of daily living

Number of diagnoses

Acute illness

Delirium

Postural hypotension

Carotid sinus hypersensitivity

Cognitive impairment

Neurological disease: Parkinson’s disease/stroke

Lower limb disease: peripheral neuropathy; peripheral vascular disease

Depression

Incontinence

Polypharmacy

Any psychotropic medication

Sedatives-hypnotics, including benzodiazepines

Antidepressants

Digoxin

Vasodilators

Analgesics

Diuretics

Anti-hypertensives (postural hypotension)

Accidental: environmental hazards (inadequate lighting, slippery floor, uneven carpet, steps, unsuitable footwear, electrical or extension cords, no grab bars, no handrails on stairways; falls from the bed)

Motor problems

Sensory impairment