Pediatric Anesthesia

Cardiovascular Effects of Dexmedetomidine Sedation in Children

Wong J, Steil GM, Curtis M, et al (Children’s Hosp Boston and Harvard Med School, MA; Children’s Hosp Boston, MA) Anesth Analg 114:193-199, 2012^§

Abstract

Background

Dexmedetomidine (DEX) affects heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI), and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) in adults. In this study we sought to determine whether similar effects occur in children undergoing DEX sedation.

Methods

Hemodynamic changes in children were followed during IV DEX sedation for radiological procedures. One group of 8 patients (DEX-brief) received a bolus (2 mcg/kg bolus over 10 minutes) and completed the procedure within 10 minutes. The second group of 9 patients (DEX-prolong) received the bolus plus additional DEX as needed to maintain sedation for procedures lasting longer than 10 minutes (additional 1 mcg/kg/hr infusion with second bolus if needed). CI, SI, and SVRI were measured using a continuous noninvasive cardiac output monitor. Changes in hemodynamic variables at minutes 10, 20, and discharge (time at which patient achieved Aldrete Score ≥9) were compared to baseline by repeated measures ANOVA with effect sizes reported as mean [95% confidence interval].

Results

Data were obtained during 8 DEX-brief and 9 DEX-prolong procedures. In DEX-brief, HR and CI decreased (18.9 [2.3 to 35.5] bpm and 0.74 [0.15 to 1.33] L/min/m²; respectively) at T1. There was no change in any other hemodynamic variables and all hemodynamic variables returned to baseline at recovery. In DEX-prolong, both HR and CI remained decreased (24.0 [8.3 to 39.6] bpm, 1.51 [0.95 to 2.06] L/min/m²; respectively) at recovery. In addition, SI was decreased (8.01 [1.71 to 14.31] mL/m²) and SVRI was increased (776.0 [271.9 to 1280.4] dynes-sec/cm⁵/m²) at recovery in the DEX-prolong group. There were no significant changes in mean arterial blood pressure in either group.

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