Potassium chlorate is a component of some match heads, barium chlorate (see also Barium) is used in the manufacture of fireworks and explosives, sodium chlorate is still a major ingredient in some weed killers used in commercial agriculture, and other chlorate salts are used in dye production. Safer and more effective compounds have replaced chlorate in toothpaste and antiseptic mouthwashes. Chlorate poisoning is similar to bromate intoxication (See Bromates), but chlorates are more likely to cause intravascular hemolysis and methemoglobinemia.

1. 
   

   Mechanism of toxicity. Chlorates are potent oxidizing agents and also attack sulfhydryl groups, particularly in red blood cells and the kidneys. Chlorates cause methemoglobin formation as well as increased fragility of red blood cell membranes, which may result in intravascular hemolysis. Renal failure probably is caused by a combination of direct cellular toxicity and hemolysis.

   
   
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   Toxic dose.

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