Antidiabetic Agents



Antidiabetic Agents





Recent advances have resulted in a dramatic increase in the number and types of drugs used to manage diabetes. These agents can be divided broadly into parenteral and oral drugs. Table II–8 lists the various available antidiabetic agents. Other drugs and poisons can also cause hypoglycemia (see Table I–25).







Table II-8 Antidiabetic Drugsa 

Table II-8 Antidiabetic Drugsa
























































































































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Jun 12, 2016 | Posted by in EMERGENCY MEDICINE | Comments Off on Antidiabetic Agents

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Agent

Onset (h)

Peak (h)

Durationb (h)

Hypoglycemiac

Insulins


Regular insulin


0.5–1

2–3

8–12

Y


Rapid insulin zinc (semilente)

0.5

4–7

12–16

Y


Insulin lispro (Humalog)

0.25

0.5–1.5

6–8

Y


Insulin aspart (Novolog)

0.25

1–3

3–5

Y


Insulin glulisine (Apidra)

0.3

0.6–1

5

Y


Isophane insulin (NPH)

1–2

8–12

18–24

Y


Insulin zinc (lente)

1–2

8–12

18–24

Y


Insulin glargine (Lantus)

1.5

Sustained effect

22–24

Y


Insulin detemir (Levemir)

1

6–8

20

Y


Extended zinc insulin (ultralente)

4–8

16–18

36

Y


Protamine zinc insulin (PZI)

4–8

14–20

36

Y


Amylin analog


Pramlintide acetate (Symlin)

0.3–0.5

3

N


Incretin analogs


Exenatide (Byetta)

2

6–8

+/−


Liraglutide (Victoza)

8–12

[Half-life, 13 h]

+/−


Sulfonylureas


Acetohexamide

2

4

12–24

Y


Chlorpropamide


1

3–6

24–72b

Y


Glimepiride


2–3

24

Y


Glipizide [extended-release form]