Consultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, BPharm, RPh, PharmD
a Elimination: All the above benzodiazepines are highly protein bound, rely on the liver for initial biotransformation, and are renally cleared. Peak effect, duration, and half-life can vary based on patient characteristics. Consider decreasing dose/frequency in liver or kidney disease. Lorazepam may be preferable for use in renal failure because of inactive metabolites.
Synergistic respiratory depression occurs with concomitant narcotic usage, consider decreasing dose in this situation.0, none.+, moderate.++, severe.
References
Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. 3rd ed. Hawthorne, CA: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; 1999: 102–105, 183–187, 245–248, 293–299.
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005: 133–149.
Opioids
Jack Kan, MD • Lynn Ngai, BSConsultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, B.Pharm, R.Ph, Pharm.D
Note: Most opioids will cause respiratory depression.IV, intravenous; IM, intramuscular; PCA, patient-controlled analgesia; PO, per oral; SC, subcutaneous.
References
Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. Hawthorne, CA: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; 1999.
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
Beers MH, Berkow R. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. 17th ed. Philadelphia, PA: John Wiley & Sons; 1999.
Opioid Antagonists
Andrew Wall, MD • Tony Cun, BSConsultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, BPharm, RPh, Pharm.D
Used for complete or partial reversal of opioid drug effects, including respiratory depression and management of known or suspected opioid overdose.
aDose every 2 to 3 minutes until desired response (adequate ventilation/alertness). Repeat dosing may be needed depending on type, dose, and timing of the last opioid administered. Titrate to assure adequate ventilation and minimize withdrawal symptoms.
References
Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. 3rd ed. Hawthorne, CA: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; 1999: 310–316.
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005: 81–117.
Baughman VL, et al. Anesthesiology and Critical Care Drug Handbook: Including Select Disease States & Perioperative Management. 9th ed. Hudson: Lexi-Comp, Incorporated; 2009.
NSAIDS
Rohith Piyaratna, MD • Lynn Ngai, BSConsultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, B.Pharm, R.Ph, Pharm.D
General NSAID side effects:May cause fluid retention, kidney or liver failure, antiplatelet aggregation leading to increased risk of bleeding; may cause gastric mucosal damage with ulceration and bleeding. COX-2 specific NSAIDS are believed to cause less damage to gastric mucosa and less antiplatelet effects versus COX-1 agents. However, studies have shown an increased risk for thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke (which led to Rofecoxib being removed from the market in September 2004).
aDo not use in patients with bleeding or platelet problems.
IV, intravenous; IM, intramuscular; PO, per oral.
References
Epocrates® Online
Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. Hawthorne, CA: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; 1999.
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
Beers MH, Berkow R. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. 17th ed. Philadelphia, PA: John Wiley & Sons; 1999.
IV Induction Agents
Christopher Tirce, MD • Lynn Ngai, BSConsultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, B.Pharm, R.Ph, Pharm.D
IV, intravenous; IM, intramuscular; PO, per oral; PR, per rectum.
References
Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. Hawthorne, CA: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; 1999.
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
Beers MH, Berkow R. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. 17th ed. Philadelphia, PA: John Wiley & Sons; 1999.
Inhaled Anesthetics
Shaun Kunnavatana, MD • Tony Cun, BSConsultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, BPharm, RPh, PharmD
↑, increase; ↓, decrease; ↓↓, large decrease; BP, blood pressure; CBF, cerebral blood flow; CHF, congestive heart failure; CMRO2, cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen; CO, cardiac output; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; GI, gastrointestinal; HR, heart rate; HTN, hypertension; ICP, intracranial pressure; N/C, no change; PaCO2, arterial CO2 partial pressure; RR, respiratory rate; SVR, systemic vascular resistance; TV, tidal volume; UOP, urine output.
References
Morgan GE, Mikhail MS, Murray MJ. Clinical Anesthesiology. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division; 2005.
Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. Hawthorne; CA: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; 1999.
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
Adrenergic Agonists
Jonathan T. Bradley, MD • Lynn Ngai, BSConsultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, B.Pharm, R.Ph, Pharm.D
IV, intravenous; IM, intramuscular; SC, subcutaneous; PO, per oral.
References
Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. Hawthorne, CA: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; 1999.
Beers MH, Berkow R. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. 17th ed. Philadelphia, PA: John Wiley & Sons; 1999.
Adrenergic Antagonists
Christopher Tirce, MD • Lynn Ngai, BSConsultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, B.Pharm, R.Ph, Pharm.D
IV, intravenous; PO, per oral.
References
Forssman B, Lindblad CJ, Zbornikova V. Atenolol for migraine prophylaxis. Headache 1983;23(4):188–190.
Frischman W, Cheng-Lai A, Nawarskas J. Current Cardiovascular Drugs. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Current MedicineLLC; 2005.
Johannsson V, Nilsson LR, Widelius T, et al. Atenolol in migraine prophylaxis a double-blind cross-over multicentre study. Headache 1987;27(7): 372–374.
Katzung BG, Masters SB, Trevor A. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 11th ed. NewYork: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2009.
Kraus ML, Gottlieb LD, Horwitz RI, et al. Randomized clinical trial of atenolol in patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome. NEJM 1985;313(15):905-909.
Miller RD, Eriksson LI, Fleisher LA, et al. Miller’s Anesthesia. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone; 2009.
Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. Hawthorne, CA: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; 1999.
Pacak K. Preoperative management of the pheochromocytoma patient. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92(11):4069–4079.
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
Beers MH, Berkow R. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. 17th ed. Philadelphia, PA: John Wiley & Sons; 1999.
Wiest D. Esmolol. A review of its therapeutic efficacy and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995;28(3):190–202.
Corticosteroids
Rohith Piyaratna, MD • Lynn Ngai, BSConsultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, B.Pharm, R.Ph, Pharm.D
General corticosteroid side effects:Osteoporosis, impaired wound healing and increased risk of infection, increased appetite, hypertension, edema, peptic ulcers, euphoria, and psychoses. Systemic corticosteroids used for <7 d, even at high doses, are not likely to cause adverse side effects, nor are inhaled corticosteroids.IA, intra-articular; ICP, intracranial pressure; IV, intravenous; IM, intramuscular; IT, intratissue; PO, per oral.
References
Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. Hawthorne: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; 1999.
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
Beers MH, Berkow R. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. 17th ed. Philadelphia, PA: John Wiley & Sons; 1999.
Antibiotics
Becky Wong, MD • Tony Cun, BSConsultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, BPharm, RPh, PharmD
References
Anderson DJ, Sexton DJ. Control measures to prevent surgical site infection. UpToDate. August 18, 2009. Accessed April 20, 2010. http://www.uptodate.com/online/content/topic.do?topicKey=hosp_inf/6955&view=print
Gilbert DN, Moellering RC, Eliopoulos GM, et al. The Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy. Sanford Guide Ser. Hyde Park, VT: Antimicrobial Therapy, Incorporated; 2009.
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
Antiemetics
Amy Wang, MD • Lynn Ngai, BSConsultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, B.Pharm, R.Ph, Pharm.D
IV, intravenous; IM, intramuscular; PO, per oral; PR, per rectum; SC, subcutaneous.
References
Barash PG. Handbook of Clinical Anesthesia. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.
Baughman VL, Julie Golembiewski, Jeffrey P. Gonzales, William Jr. Alvarez, et al. Anesthesiology and Critical Care Drug Handbook. Hudson, OH: Lexi-Comp, Incorporated; 2009.
Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. Hawthorne, CA: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; Jan. 1999.
Miller RD, Stoelting RK. Basics of Anesthesia. 5 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone; 2006.
Beers MH, Berkow R. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. 17th ed. Philadelphia, PA: John Wiley & Sons; 1999.
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
Hematologics
Jack Kan, MD • Tony Cun, BSConsultant Pharmacist: Anita Y. Chu, B.Pharm, R.Ph, Pharm.D
Disclaimer: Anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications should not be discontinued withoutfi rst taking into account the patient’s clinical situation. Abrupt discontinuation of thesemedications may be life threatening or may lead to serious morbidity.
ACS, acute coronary syndrome; a-fib, atrial fibrillation; CAD, coronary artery disease; COX, cyclooxygenase; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; HTN, hypertension; INR, international normalized ratio; MI, myocardial infarction; Pt, patient; Pts, patients; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PE, pulmonary embolism; qday, daily; VTE, venous thromboembolism; vWD, von Willebrand disease
aAspirin: Half-life elimination: Parent drug: 15–20 min; Salicylates (dose dependent): 3 h at lower doses (300–600 mg), 5–h (after 1 g), 10 h with higher doses.
bvWD type I patients are usually responsive, vWD type II patients may have variable responses, vWD type III patients are usually not responsive. Consult a hematologist to address your individual patient needs.
References
Barash PG, et al. Clinical Anesthesia. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.
Lloyd Jones M, Wight J, Paisley S, et al. Control of bleeding in patients with haemophilia a with inhibitors: a systematic review. Haemophilia 2003;9(4):464–520.
Omoigui S. Sota Omoigui’s Anesthesia Drugs Handbook. Hawthorne: State-of-the-Art Technologies, Incorporated; 1999.
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Handbook of Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
Appendix C: Crisis Management Cognitive Aids
How to Use Cognitive Aids in Crisis Management
The use of cognitive aids to manage crises in anesthesia is controversial. The goal of these cognitive aids is to provide a reference for the management of certain clinical conditions and emergency situations.
The use of cognitive aids should not replace individual clinical judgment and may not be applicable to all clinical situations.
PRACTICAL CLINICAL DRUG DOSING
BY KARIM RAFAAT, MD
References
1) Fuhrman BP, Zimmerman JJ, Pediatric Critical Care 3rd edition, Mosby-Elsevier 2006
2) Slonim AD, Pollack MM, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Lippincott Williams ans Wilkins, 2006
3) Cote CJ, Lerman J, Todres ID, A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children, Elsevier Health Sciences, 2009
4) Miller RD, Eriksson LI, Fleisher LA, Wiener-Kronish JP, Young WL, Miller’s Anesthesia, Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier, 2009
5) Lacy CF, Armstrong LL, Goldman MP, Lance LL, Lexi-Comp: Drug Information Handbook, 19th edition, Lexi-Comp 2009
Index
A
“a” wave
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA)
anesthetic considerations
definition and etiology
regional anesthesia
surgical and anesthetic complications
surgical intervention
Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS)
Abdominal exam
Abdominal wall defects (AWD)
Abnormal bleeding
Abnormal placentation
Abnormal pseudocholinesterase
ABO compatibility
cryoprecipitate
fresh frozen plasma
packed red blood cells
Accidental needlesticks
Acetaminophen
adverse effects
dosing
mechanism of action
myringotomy and ventilation tubes
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs)
AChEIs (see Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors)
Acid–base disturbances
Acidosis
Acoustic injury
Acquired coagulation defects
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), (see also Human immune deficiency virus)
Activated clotting time (ACT)
Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)
Active scavenging systems
Acute anemia
Acute bleeding ulcers
Acute bronchospasm
Acute chest syndrome (ACS)
Acute hemolytic reaction
Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP)
Acute kidney failure
Acute pain management
ASA Task Force
clinical management
medication classes
pathophysiology and neurobiology
receptor targets
Acute pancreatitis
Acute postobstructive pulmonary edema
Acute respiratory distress
medications
O2 therapy
respiratory therapy
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Acute thromboembolism
Addison disease
A-delta nociceptors
Adenoidectomy
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) inhibitors
Adenotonsillectomy
analgesic management
clinical findings
controlled ventilation
extubation
pathophysiology
patient positioning
postoperative considerations
post-tonsillectomy bleeding
signs/symptoms
special anesthetic considerations
spontaneous ventilation
surgical treatment
volatile anesthetics
Adjustable pressure limiting (APL)
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal crisis
Adrenal disorders
adrenal glands
adrenal insufficiency
aldosterone production
cortisol production
pheochromocytoma
Adrenal insufficiency (AI)
perioperative management
primary
secondary
signs/symptoms
supplemental corticosteroid dosing
symptoms
tertiary
treatment
Adrenal medulla
Adrenergic agents
adverse effects
agonists
antagonists
clinical uses
mechanism of action
metabolism
perioperative β-blockade
receptor types
structure/activity relationship
sympathetic nervous system
Adrenergic agonists
Adrenergic antagonists
Adrenergic receptor
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Adult cardiac surgery
cardiac intensive care unit
cardiopulmonary bypass
cannula insertions
catastrophes
chest closure
coronary artery spasm
dysrhythmias
initiation period
maintenance
overview
patient inspection
physiology
post-CPB period
schematic
separation
intraoperative management
anesthesia maintenance
induction
induction medications
postinduction tasks
preinduction preparation
multidisciplinary decision making
perioperative monitoring
blood pressure
CVP
ECG
neurologic
PA catheter placement
standard ASA monitors
temperature
transesophageal echocardiography
urine output
preoperative assessment
central nervous system
dysrhythmias
endocrine
GI/hepatic
heart failure
hematologic
myocardial ischemia/infarction
pulmonary
renal
special considerations
Adult respiratory distress syndrome
Adult-onset diabetes
AFE (see Amniotic fluid embolus)
Aging, pharmacology
creatinine clearance
drug dosage
fentanyl
midazolam
propofol
remifentanil
Agitation
Aintree intubation catheter
Airtraq optical laryngoscope
Airway exchange catheters (AEC)
Airway management
bag mask ventilation
cardiac arrest, children
cognitive aid
congenital syndromes
endotracheal tubes
laryngeal mask airways
obligate nasal breathers
single-lung ventilation
TIVA techniques
Airway scope (AWS)
Airway trauma
Albumin
Alcohol and substance abuse
amphetamine and derivatives
cocaine
mechanism
metabolism
physiologic effects
ethyl alcohol
chronic effects
organ systems, effects
lysergic acid diethylamide and hallucinogens
marijuana
opioid
phencyclidine
Aldosterone
Alfentanil
Allergy
allergic reaction to local anesthetics
anaphylactoid (nonimmunologic) reactions
anaphylaxis treatment
clinical manifestation
immune-mediated reactions
latex allergy
postevent follow-up
α-adrenergic agonists
α-blockade
Alveolar concentration
Alveolar ventilation
Alveolar-venous partial pressure difference (A-vD)
American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD)
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)
Amides
Amniotic fluid embolus (AFE)
differential diagnosis
incidence
initial phase
pathophysiology
secondary phase
treatment
Amphetamine
Ampicillin
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Analgesia
gastroesophageal reflux
medications
Anaphylactoid/nonimmunologic reactions
Anaphylaxis, (see also Allergy)
airway and ventilation
circulatory support
during general anesthesia
H2 blocker/corticosteroids
serum mast cell tryptase
steroids
treatment goals
Anatomic deadspace
Anemia
blood loss
bone marrow failure
definition
hematopoetic input deficiencies
intraoperative considerations
laboratory
oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
peripheral RBC destruction
physical exam
physiologic changes
postoperative considerations
preoperative considerations
treatment
Anesthesia breathing circuits
nonrebreathing systems
rebreathing systems
Anesthesia machine
breathing system
four component subsystems
high-pressure system
low-pressure system
preanesthesia machine checkout
scavenging system
Anesthesia maintenance and intraoperative management
analgesia
balanced vs. total IV methods
hypnosis
neuromuscular blockade
physiologic homeostasis maintenance
practical management
Anesthesia phrases
French
Russian
Spanish
traditional Chinese
Vietnamese
Anesthetic agents
etomidate
intraoperative awareness
ketamine
muscle relaxants
myasthenia gravis
AChE inhibitor therapy
local anesthetics
narcotics
nondepolarizing NMBs
succinylcholine
volatile anesthetics
nitrous oxide
opioids
Anesthetic management
cleft lip/cleft palate
intraoperative management
monitors/lines/positioning
postoperative management
preoperative evaluation
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
intraoperative management
monitors/lines
postoperative management/disposition
preoperative considerations
endoscopic procedures
epiglottitis
intraoperative management
monitors/lines
postoperative management
preoperative considerations
foreign body aspiration
intraoperative complications
intraoperative management
monitoring
postoperative management
preoperative management
gastroschisis and omphalocele
intraoperative management
monitors/lines
postoperative management
preoperative considerations
general anesthesia
intussusception
intraoperative management
monitors/lines/positioning
postoperative management/analgesia
preoperative considerations
lung volume reduction surgery
meningomyelocele
interoperative management
monitor/lines
postoperative management/diposition
preoperative considerations
MRI and CT
airway
complications
induction
maintenance
oral contrast
premedication
preoperative evaluation
myringotomy and ventilation tubes
disposition
emergence delirium
inhalation induction
intraoperative management
maintenance and induction
postoperative pain
preoperative evaluation
special anesthetic goals/issues
one-lung ventilation
patent ductus arteriosus
positioning
regional analgesia
tracheal resection and reconstruction
tracheoesophageal fistula
intraoperative management
monitors/lines
preoperative considerations
video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery
Anesthetic plan
considerations
intraoperative plan (see Intraoperative plan)
postoperative care plan
preoperative assessment and optimization
Angina pectoris
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy
Anhepatic phase
Ankle block
block evaluation
contraindications
equipment
indications
landmark-based ankle block
monitoring
positioning and preparation
postoperative management
risks and complications
surface anatomy identification
ultrasound-guided deep peroneal nerve block
ultrasound-guided sural nerve block
ultrasound-guided tibial nerve block
Ankle brachial index (ABI)
Ankle surgery
Ankylosing spondylitis
Antecubital veins
Anterior mediastinal mass
anatomy
causes
clinical presentation
decision making, airway management
general anesthesia
hemodynamic physiology
induction, anesthesia
intraoperative complications
postoperative considerations
preinduction
preoperative considerations
supine position
surgical interventions
Anterior tibial nerve
Antibiotic prophylaxis
endocarditis
total hip arthroplasty, coronary artery disease
Antibiotics
Anticholinesterase agents
adverse effects/toxicity
anticholinergic medications
clinical uses and common agents
mechanism of action
pharmacology
reversal of neuromuscular blockade
Anticholinesterases
Anticoagulant medication
adenosine diphosphate inhibitors
gycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors
heparin
low molecular weight heparin
thrombolytic medications
warfarin
Anticoagulated patient
Antidepressants
monoamine oxidase inhibitors
serotonin reuptake inhibitors
tricyclic antidepressants
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Antiemetics
for adults
anticholinergic drugs
antihistamines
combination therapy
dopamine (D2) antagonists
dose and timing of administration
glucocorticoids
PONV prevention and treatment
serotonin receptor antagonists
Antifibrinolytics
Antihypertensives
Antimicrobials
adverse reactions
allergic reactions/anaphylaxis
choice of
classification
idiosyncratic reactions
infective endocarditis prophylaxis
interaction
surgical site infection prophylaxis
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
Antisialogogue drug
Anuric renal failure
Anxiolytic drug
Aortic arteriotomy
Aortic cross clamping
abdominal/infraceliac
thoracic/supraceliac
unclamping
Aortic cross-clamp
Aortic dissection
Aortic regurgitation (AR)
diagnostic studies
emergence
etiology/natural history
hemodynamic goals
induction, anesthesia
maintenance, anesthesia
medical management vs. surgical management
monitoring
pathophysiology
physical findings
preoperative management
qualitative measures
quantitative assessment
regurgitant volume
severity grading
signs and symptoms
Aortic stenosis (AS)
Bernoulli equation
classification and severity grading
continuity equation
emergence
etiology
hemodynamic goals
induction, anesthesia
maintenance, anesthesia
monitoring
natural history
pathophysiology
planimetry
preoperative management
signs and symptoms
surgical management
Aortic surgery
abdominal aortic aneurysms
aortic cross clamping
emergency aortic surgery
endovascular repairs
open abdominal
retroperitoneal approach
thoracic aortic aneurysms
Aortic valve
anatomy
aortic regurgitation
aortic valve stenosis
ASE/SCA 20 TEE views
continuous wave Doppler
evaluation
planimetry
pulse wave Doppler
Aortic valve replacement (AVR)
Aortopulmonary window
APGAR scoring system
Apnea
Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)
Appendicitis
Aprepitant
Aprotinin
APTT (see Activated partial thromboplastin time)
Argatroban
Arrhythmias
cardiomyopathy
medications
ventricular assist devices
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (AVRD)
epidemiology and pathophysiology
follow-up
intraoperative considerations
postoperative care
preoperative considerations
signs and symptoms
treatment options
Arterial blood pressure (BP)
Arterial lines
Arterial switch procedure
Arthritis
anesthetic management
intraoperative considerations
postoperative considerations
preoperative considerations
ankylosing spondylitis
definition
osteoarthritis
rheumatoid
Aspiration
Aspirin
Assessing peak inspiratory pressure
Assist-controlled (ACV) volume-cycled ventilation
Asthma
anticholinergics
β2 adrenergic agonists
corticosteroids
cromolyn sodium and nedocromil sodium
differential diagnosis, wheezing
drugs
immunomodulators
incidence
intraoperative management
leukotriene-modifying drugs
magnesium
methylxanthines
pathophysiology
pediatric anesthesiology
postoperative management
precipitating factors
preoperative management
severity scoring
status asthmaticus and isoflurane
symptoms
ventilatory management
Asystole
Atenolol
Atracurium
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial flutter
Autologous blood donation
Automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD)
electromagnetic interference sources
indications
magnet functions
NASPE/BPEG code
nomenclature system
stepwise approach, CRMD
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Awake fiber optic intubation (FOI)
anesthesia application, airway
considerations for
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) block
indications
lingual branch block
oxygenation and suction
patients positioning
premedication
sedation drugs
superior laryngeal nerve block
transtracheal nerve block
Awake intubation
Axillary block
contraindications
electrical nerve stimulator
equipment
evaluation
indications
monitoring
perivascular axillary block
positioning and preparation
postoperative management
risks and complications
surface anatomy
transarterial axillary block
ultrasound-guided axillary block
B
Backward-upward-rightward pressure (BURP)
Bacterial contamination, blood products
BAEP (see Brainstem auditory evoked potentials)
Bag-valve-mask (BVM)
Bailey maneuver
Balloon valvotomy
Baralyme
Becker muscular dystrophy
Benzodiazapines
adverse effects
clinical uses
mechanism of action
special considerations
toxicity
Berman endoscopic oral airway
β-adrenergic agonists
β-blockade
β-blocker
Bilateral tympanostomy tubes (BTTs)
Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP)
Bipolar disorder
BIS-guided anesthetic care
Bisoprolol
Bispectral index (BIS) monitor
Blalock-Taussig shunt (BTS)
Bleeding disorders (see also Coagulopathy)
coagulation cascade
dilutional coagulopathy
drugs
increased peripheral platelet destruction
platelet dysfunction
sequestration
Von Willebrand disease
Block failure
Blood component therapy
cryoprecipitate
fresh frozen plasma
packed red blood cells
platelets
pretransfusion testing
transfusion, complications
Blood exposure
Blood product replacement
difficult cross-match
intraoperative cell salvage
Jehovah’s Witness
management strategy
normovolemia
hemodilution
maintenance
patient refusal
pharmacologic alternative
Blood volume and fluid compartments
Blood–brain barrier (BBB)
Blue bloaters
Board certification
practice experience pathway
testamur
training program pathway
Body mass index (BMI)
Bone cement implication syndrome
Bony contact
Bovie safety
Brachial plexus
Bradycardia
NMB drugs
opioids
spinal anesthesia
Brain circuit
Brain death
clinical presentation
diagnosis
organ donation
Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP)
Brainstem dysfunction
Breath holding/apnea
Breathing circuit
Breathing system
Bronchial blocker (BB)
Bronchoscopy
Bronchospasm
Bupivacaine
Burn injuries
anesthetic considerations
electrical burn patients
pathophysiology
postoperative concerns
scalds
thermal burns, classification of
treatment
wound care
C
C nociceptors
“c” wave
Caffeine withdrawal
Caffeine-halothane muscle biopsy test (see Malignant hyperthermia (MH))
Calcitonin
Calcium
hypercalcemia
hypocalcemia
Calcium channels blockers
Cancer debulking procedures
Cannot ventilate–cannot intubate (CVCI)
Cannulation sites
antecubital veins
external jugular vein
femoral vein
internal jugular vein
subclavian vein
Capnogram
Capnography
abnormal capnogram interpretation
clinical uses
CO2 measurement techniques
definition
mainstream capnometers
normal capnogram
sidestream capnometers
Capnometry
Carbocaine
Carbon monoxide
Carcinoid syndrome
Carcinoid tumors
carcinoid syndrome
pathophysiology
perioperative considerations
Cardiac arrhythmias
abnormal rhythms
AV block
laparoscopic surgery
normal EKG
supraventricular dysrhythmias
ventricular dysrhythmias
Cardiac catheterization laboratory
cardioversion
coronary angiography
radiofrequency ablations
Cardiac complications
dysrhythmias
hypertension
hypotension
Cardiac disease
complete heart block
congenital heart disease
ischemic heart disease
peripartum cardiomyopathy
principles
valvular heart disease
Cardiac dysfunction
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Cardiac exam
Cardiac index (CI)
Cardiac output (CO)
inhaled anesthetic agents
valvular heart disease
Cardiac surgery
Cardiomyopathy
epidemiology and pathophysiology
follow-up
intraoperative considerations
postoperative care
preoperative considerations
signs and symptoms
treatment options
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)
anesthetic maintenance
cannula insertions
catastrophes
initiation period
heparinization
surgical factors
maintenance
overview
patient inspection
physiology
post-CPB
chest closure
coronary artery spasm
dysrhythmias
hemodynamic stability
schematic
separation
Cardiovascular system
dexmedetomidine
etomidate
inhaled anesthetic agents
ketamine
premature infant
propofol
thiopental
Cardioversion
anesthetic considerations
indications
technique
Carvedilol
Cauda equina syndrome
Caudal epidural anesthesia
anesthetic considerations
continuous epidural catheter
contraindications
drug selection
epidural adjuncts
equipment
evaluation
indications
postoperative management
risks and complications
techniques
Cavernous sinus
Cefazolin
Cefotetan
Cefoxitin
Ceftriaxone
Cefuroxime
Celecoxib
Central apnea
Central demyelinating diseases
clinical presentation
induction, anesthesia
maintenance/emergence, anesthesia
post-operative considerations
pre-operative considerations
treatment
Central nervous system (CNS)
adult cardiac surgery
dexmedetomidine
etomidate
ketamine
premature infant
propofol
thiopental
Central supply system, of medical gas pipelines
Central venous access
Central venous catheterization
Central venous pressure (CVP)
cannulation sites
complications
coronary artery disease
indications
interpretation
intravascular volume
mechanics
ScVO2
technique
Cephalosporins, crossreactivity
Cerebellar and basal ganglia diseases
anesthetic management
clinical presentation
Cerebral autoregulation
Cerebral blood flow (CBF)
intracranial physiology
neurologic effects
Cerebral edema
Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2)
Cerebral palsy (CP)
clinical findings
emergence
intraoperative management
maintenance
monitors/lines/positioning
pathophysiology
postoperative management/disposition
preoperative considerations
signs/symptoms
special anesthetic considerations
treatment
Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
Cervical spine trauma
Cesarean delivery
Channeled technique
Chemistry panel
Chiari II malformation
Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) score
Chloroprocaine
Choanal atresia
Cholinergic crisis
Chronic anemia
Chronic hypoxemia
Chronic kidney disease
Chronic low back pain
intraoperative concerns
opioid tolerance
perioperative pain management strategy
postoperative pain management
postoperative pain plan
preoperative concerns
preoperative instructions
special considerations
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
anesthetic concerns
clinical features
epidemiology
intraoperative considerations
pathophysiology
physical examination
postoperative considerations
preoperative considerations
prognosis
pulmonary function tests
risk factors
Chronic pancreatitis
Chronic steroid
Chronic ulcer disease
Chylothorax
Cigarette smoking
Ciprofloxacin
Circle of Willis
Circle system
classical
closed
CO2 absorber
components
function
history
low flow usage in
types
unidirectional valves
Circulating blood volume (CBV)
Cisatracurium
Citanest
Clean contaminated wounds
Clean surgical wounds
Cleft lip/cleft palate
anesthetic management
intraoperative management
monitors/lines/positioning
postoperative management
preoperative evaluation
surgical treatment
Clindamycin
Clonidine
Clopidigrel
Clot lysis index
Coagulation defects
Coagulopathy
anesthetics
intraoperative management
postoperative management
preoperative
definition
evaluation and treatment
family history
laboratory testing
medical diseases
medication history
personal history
physical examination
pathophysiology
abnormal/deceased platelet production
acquired coagulation factor defects
bleeding disorders
congenital coagulation factor defects
dilutional coagulation
increased peripheral platelet destruction
platelet dysfunction
platelet function, abnormalities of
sequestration
Cocaine
mechanism
organ systems, effects
central nervous system
CV system
intraoperative considerations
postoperative considerations
preoperative considerations
physiologic effects
Codeine
Colloids
benefits of
protein and nonprotein colloids
rational use of
resuscitation
vs. crystalloids
Color flow Doppler
Color-coded cylinders
Combined spinal-epidural (CSE) technique
complications
failures with
indications
needle-through-needle technique
Combitube
advantages
placement of
provides rescue ventilation
Complete blood count (CBC)
Computed tomography (CT)
airway
complications
induction
maintenance
oral contrast
premedication
preoperative evaluation
safety considerations
Computer-assisted robotic surgery
Concentration effect
Congenital cardiac defects
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)
anesthetic management
intraoperative management
monitors/lines
postoperative management/disposition
preoperative considerations
clinical findings
pathophysiology
signs/symptoms
surgical treatment
Congenital heart disease (CHD)
anesthesia, risks of
aorta coarctation
left-to-right shunting lesions
lesions and anesthetic concerns
pediatric anesthesiology
preoperative evaluation
right-to-left shunting lesions
special anesthetic considerations
Congenital heart lesions
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Conn syndrome
Contaminated wounds
Continuous goal-directed fluid management
Continuous peripheral nerve block (CPNB)
contraindications
equipment
hybrid technique
indications
infusion management
monitoring
patient education
positioning and preparation
risks and complication
stimulating technique
surface anatomy identification
ultrasound-guided technique
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Continuous wave Doppler (CWD)
Continuous/axial flow devices
Controlled ventilation
Bain system (co-axial Mapleson D)
Mapleson A–Magill circuit
Mapleson D system
Coracoid approach
Corneal abrasion
Cornerstone therapy
neuraxial techniques
opioids
peripheral nerve blocks
Coronary angiography
anesthetic considerations
indications
technique
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
central nervous system
indications
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
induction and maintenance
intraoperative management
postoperative ischemia
postoperative management
preoperative evaluation
history
physical exam
Cortical blindness
Corticosteroids
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)
Cranial nerve dysfunction
Creatinine clearance
Cricothyroidotomy
Critical limb ischemia (CLI)
Crohn’s disease
Crystalloids
additional forms
characteristics
intravascular volume replacement with
rational use of
resuscitation
Cuff trauma
Cushing syndrome
Cystectomy
Cystic fibrosis
clinical findings
intraoperative management
monitoring/lines
postoperative management/disposition
preoperative evaluation
signs/symptoms
Cystoscopy
Cytochrome P-450 3A and 2D6
D
3D echocardiography
Damus-Kaye-Stansel (DKS)
Dantrolene
Dead space ventilation
Deep-vein thrombosis (DVT)
anticoagulation
diagnosis
pathophysiology
prevalence
prophylaxis
risk factors
supportive care
treatment objective
Delayed emergence
Delayed hemolytic reaction
Delirium
Delta receptors
Dementia and cognitive decline, (see also Cerebellar and basal ganglia diseases)
Dental injury
Depolarizing muscle relaxants
abnormal pseudocholinesterase
bradycardia
hyperkalemia
increased intracranial pressure
increased intragastric pressure
malignant hyperthermia
myalgias
Depth of anesthesia (DOA)
BIS
measurement errors and artifacts
M-entropy module
mid-latency auditory evoked potential
narcotrend index monitor
SNAP II
Dermatologic disorders
intrahepatic cholestasis
pruritic urticarial papules and pregnancy plaques
Desflurane
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
Dexamethasone
Dexmedetomidine
Dextrans
Dextrose (D5)
Diabetes insipidus (DI)
Diabetes mellitus (DM)
classification
definition
diabetic ketoacidosis
DKA, treatment of
epidemiology
hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic nonketotic coma
long term complications
pediatric anesthesiology
perioperative insulin management
perioperative patients
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic nonketotic coma
signs and symptoms of
treatment of
3,4-Diaminopyridine (3,4 DAP)
Diastolic dysfunction
Diastolic function
atrial contraction
color M-mode flow propagation velocity
diastasis
hemodynamic measurements
impaired relaxation
isovolumic relaxation time
mitral Doppler inflow velocity
principle
pseudonormal
pulmonary vein flow
rapid filling phase
restrictive
tissue Doppler velocity measurement
Diazepam
DIC (see Disseminated intravascular coagulation)
Difficult airway
ASA algorithm for
awake vs. asleep
cricothyroidotomy
definition
difficult tracheal intubation
face mask ventilation
incidence of
introducer stylets
prediction
supraglottic airway device
video laryngoscopic technique
Difficult mask ventilation (DMV)
Difficult tracheal intubation
descriptions
direct laryngoscopy
emergency pathway
neuromuscular blockade
nonemergency pathway
Diffuse esophageal spasm
Diffusion defects
Diffusion hypoxia
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
epidemiology and pathophysiology
follow-up
intraoperative considerations
postoperative care
preoperative considerations
signs and symptoms
treatment options
Dilutional coagulopathy
Direct laryngoscopy (DL)
complications
positioning
principle of
Directed donor blood donation
Dirty-infected wounds
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Distal upper extremity peripheral nerve blocks
contraindications
equipment
evaluation
indications
landmark-based elbow block technique
landmark-based wrist block technique
monitoring
positioning and preparation
postoperative management
risks and complications
surface anatomy
ultrasound-guided forearm block techniques
Diverticulitis
Diverticulosis
DM (see Diabetes mellitus)
Dobutamine
Donor risk index
Dopamine
Double outlet right ventricle
Double switch procedure
Double-lumen tube (DLT)
advantages
design
history
indication of right
larger DLT, advantages of
left-DLT selection, guidelines
placement of
position conformation of
risk factors, airway rupture
selection of
Down syndrome (DS)
cleft lip/cleft palate
clinical findings
emergence
epidemiology
intraoperative management
preoperative considerations
postoperative management
premedication
signs/symptoms
surgical interventions
Droperidol
Drug absorption
Drug addiction
Drug administration
Drug distribution
Drug elimination
Drug eluting coronary artery stents
Drug–drug interactions (DDI)
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
Dural puncture
Dysarthria
Dyslipidemia
Dysphagia
Dysrhythmias
bradycardia
tachycardia
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
E
Ear, nose, and throat (ENT)
acute upper airway obstruction
anesthetic emergence considerations
difficult airway management
emergent surgical airway
general principles
otologic and neurotologic surgery
panendoscopy
postoperative considerations
preoperative assessment
sinus/maxillofacial/nasal surgery
surgical considerations
tracheostomy
Ebstein anomaly
Echothiophate
Eclampsia
Edrophonium
EEG (see Electroencephalography)
Eisenmenger syndrome
Elective intervention
Electrical operating room safety
bovie safety
electrical current running
ground fault circuit interrupters
line isolation monitor
macroshock
microshock
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Electroconvulsive therapy
contraindications
description and procedure
hemodynamic effects
indications and mechanism
induction
intraoperative considerations
muscle relaxants
nondepolarizing muscle relaxants
physiologic responses
postoperative concerns
preoperative evaluation
respiratory management
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Electrolyte abnormalities
Electrolyte disturbances
calcium
phosphate
potassium
sodium
Electromyography (EMG)
Electronic alarm devices
Electronic rhythm management device (see Automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD); Pacemakers)
ELISA test
Emergence and postoperative issues
complications
deep extubation
extubation criteria
postoperative complications
preparation
signs and stages
Emergency craniotomy
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
EMG (see Electromyography)
Endobronchial intubation
Endocardial cushion defect
Endocarditis
congenital heart disease and native valve tissue
high-risk patients
high-risk procedures
nondental and invasive gastrointestinal/genitourinary procedures
recommended therapeutic options
vaginal and cesarean delivery
valve disease
Endocarditis repair
Endocrine disease, gestational diabetes mellitus
adrenal conditions
definition
epidemiology
intrapartum management
pathophysiology
pituitary disease
pregnancy outcomes
thyroid disease
type I diabetes mellitus
type II diabetes mellitus
Endocrine surgery
End-organ damage
Endoscopy suite
Endotracheal intubation
anatomy of
complications
direct laryngoscopy, principle of
equipment for
indications
nasotracheal technique
orotracheal technique
positioning
preoperative assessment
video laryngoscopy
Endotracheal tubes (ETT)
blindly inserted over FOB
components of
insertion of
placement of
placement of, video laryngoscopes
positioning of
types
various sizes
Endovascular repairs
anesthetic considerations
anesthetic technique
aortic aneurysm
complications
End-stage pulmonary disease
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
End-tidal CO2 (ETCO2)
Enoxaparin
Ephedrine
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB)
clinical findings
intraop management
monitors/lines/positioning
pathophysiology
peripheral IV placement
positioning
postoperative management
preoperative considerations
signs/symptoms
surgical treatment
Epidural abscess
Epidural analgesia
Epidural anesthesia
advantages
disadvantages
epidural space, anatomy
equipment
indications and contraindications
pharmacology
risks and complications
technique
troubleshooting
Epidural blood patch (EBP)
contraindications
effectiveness
epidural catheter
informed consent
meticulous sterile technique
Epidural hematoma
Epiglottitis
anesthetic management
intraoperative management
monitors/lines
postoperative management
preoperative considerations
clinical findings
diagnosis
pathophysiology
signs/symptoms
Epilepsy
anesthetic management
intracranial resection, seizure focus
non-epilepsy surgery
status epilepticus
clinical presentation
pro- and anti-convulsant effects, anesthetic drugs
Epinephrine
caudal epidural anesthesia
medications, neonatal resuscitation
Eptifibatide
Eschmann stylet
Esmolol
Esophageal bleeding
Esophageal diseases
Esophageal intubation
Essential hypertension
anesthetic considerations
cerebral autoregulation
classification
definition
end-organ damage
induction, anesthesia
intraoperative hemodynamic management
monitoring
perioperative considerations
postoperative management
preoperative evaluation
risk factors
treatment and management
uncontrolled
Esthers
Ethyl alcohol (EtOH)
cardiovascular system
central nervous system
fluid and electrolyte abnormalities
gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems
hematopoiesis
intravenous anesthetics
muscle relaxants
nutritional deficiencies
respiratory system
sympathomimetic medications
volatile anesthetics
withdrawal states
Etomidate
cardiovascular system
central nervous system
clinical use
endocrine system
mechanism of action
pharmacokinetics
ETT (see Endotracheal tubes)
Ex-premature infant
External jugular vein
Extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
Extracardiac Fontan
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
Extremity and skin exam
Extubation criteria
Eye injury
Eye surgery
anesthesia
anticholinergic medications
intraocular gas expansion
IOP
ocular physiology
oculocardiac reflex
ophthalmic medications
regional and local techniques
F
Face mask ventilation
anatomic abnormalities
risk factors, DMV and IMV
Fail-safe system
Fast tracking
Fat embolus syndrome
FEIBA
Femoral nerve
Femoral nerve block
block evaluation
contraindications
equipment
fascia iliaca block technique
indications
monitoring
positioning and preparation
postoperative management
risks and complications
stimulating technique
surface anatomy identification
ultrasound guided femoral nerve block
Femoral vein
Fentanyl
myringotomy and ventilation tubes
pain medication
Fetal bradycardia
Fetal circulation
pulmonary vascular resistance
systemic vascular resistance
Fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB)
Fiberoptic intubation (FOI)
awake
conduit for
contraindications
difficulties and troubleshooting
fiberoptic scope
indications
preparation for
technique
Fick equation
Flaccid paralysis
Flexible bronchoscopy
Flexible LMA
Fludrocortisone
Fluid compartments
Fluid management (see Perioperative fluid management)
Fluid requirements
classical calculation
fixed and dynamic variables
Parkland formula
Fluid restrictive therapy
Flumazenil
Fluoromethyl-2–2-difluoro-1-trifluoromethyl vinyl ether
Fluoroscopy, PA determination
FOI (see Fiberoptic intubation)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Fontan procedure
Foot surgery
Foreign body aspiration
anesthetic management
intraoperative complications
intraoperative management
monitoring
postoperative management
preoperative management
clinical findings
diagnosis
pathophysiology
signs/symptoms
treatment
Fractional area change (FAC)
Fractional oximetry
Fractional shortening (FS)
Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
Fresh gas flow (FGF)
Fresh gas inlet (FGI)
Functional oximetry
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
G
Gag reflex
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor
Gap acidosis
Gas flow
from anesthesia machine
checkout for
Gas(es), medical gas pipeline systems
Gastric content, aspiration of
Gastroenteric system
Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
clinical findings
intraoperative management
emergence
induction
maintenance
monitors/lines/positioning
pathophysiology
postoperative management
preoperative considerations
signs/symptoms
surgical technique
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Gastrointestinal (GI) surgery
blood loss
chemotherapy drugs
exploratory laparotomy
extubation
fluid replacement
hernia repair
ICU care
monitoring
respiratory complications
thoracic epidermal
Whipple procedure
Gastrointestinal system
carcinoid tumors
diffuse esophageal spasm
diverticular and appendiceal disease
esophageal bleeding
esophageal diseases
inflammatory bowel disease
pancreatic disease
pediatric anesthesiology
peptic ulcer disease
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Gastroschisis
anesthetic management
intraoperative management
monitors/lines
postoperative management
preoperative considerations
pathophysiology/embryology
signs/symptoms/clinical findings
surgical treatment
GDM. (see Gestational diabetes mellitus)
Gelatins
General anesthesia (GA)
cesarean delivery
intravenous GA
modified RSI
rapid sequence induction
standard induction
premedications prior to
standard induction
Gentamycin
Geriatric patient
adult-onset diabetes
alcohol intake
coronary artery disease
coronary stent
gastroesophageal reflux disease
medications
pain
perioperative assessment
pharmacology (see Aging, see pharmacology)
previous CABG
prostate biopsy
smoking
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
adrenal conditions
definition
diabetes mellitus
epidemiology
hyperthyroidism
hypothyroidism
intrapartum management
pathophysiology
pituitary disease
pregnancy outcomes
treatment
Glasgow Coma Scale
Glidescope video laryngoscope (GVL)
Global exam
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Glossopharyngeal nerve block
Glucocorticoids
adverse effects/toxicity
mechanism of action
physiologic effects
preparation
regulation
Glycopyrrolate
Graves disease
Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI)
Guedel system
Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS), (see also Peripheral demyelinating diseases)
Gum elastic bougie (GEB)
Gycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors
Gynecologic surgery
H
Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib)
Haloperidol
Halothane
Hanger yoke assembly
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Head-elevated laryngoscopy position (HELP)
Heart failure (HF)
definition
evaluation
incidence
normal ejection fraction
reduced ejection fraction
risk factors
symptoms
Heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF)
anesthetic implications
medical management
medication recommendations
pathophysiology
postoperative
symptoms and signs
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF)
anesthetic implications
cardiac resynchronization therapy
implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)
inhalational anesthetics
invasive monitoring
medical management
Heart rate (HR), inhaled anesthetics
Heliox
Hematologic agents
anticoagulant medications (see Anticoagulant medication)
procoagulant medication (see Procoagulant medication)
Hematologic diseases
acute thromboembolism
diagnosis
disseminated intravascular coagulation
HELLP syndrome
idiopathic thrombocytopenia
inherited and acquired thrombophilias
sickle cell anemia
thrombocytopenia
thromboembolic disease treatment
thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome
Von Willebrand disease
Hematologic system
pediatric anesthesiology
premature infant
Hematologics
Hematoma formation
Hematomas
Hemodynamic instability
Hemoglobin (Hb)
Hemoglobinopathies
methemoglobinemia
sulfhemoglobinemia
thalassemia
Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome
Hemophilia A
Hemorrhage
Hemorrhage/massive transfusion
Hemothorax
Heparin
Heparinization
Hepatic effects, inhaled anesthetic agents
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
Hepatobiliary surgery
blood loss
cholecystectomy
extubation
fluid replacement
ICU care
liver biopsy
liver resection
monitoring
respiratory complications
thoracic epidermal
Hepatorenal
Hetastarch
HHNC (see Hyperosmolar, see hyperglycemic nonketotic coma)
High-pressure system
gas sources
oxygen flush valve
oxygen pressure failure devices
pneumatic and electronic alarm device
Histamine-mediated degranulation
Human immune deficiency virus (HIV)
clinical manifestations
diagnosis
intraoperative management
needlestick injury
pathophysiology
postoperative management
preoperative management
transmission
treatment
Hybrid technique
Hydrocephalus
Hydrocortisone
Hydrogen ion
Hydromorphone
Hydroxyethyl starch
Hypercalcemia
Hypercarbia
Hyperglycemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypermagnesemia
Hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC)
Hyperparathyroidism
anesthetic management, patients
disorders
surgical treatment
Hypertension
analgesia
anesthesia
antihypertensives
classifications
intraoperative
postoperative
pre-bypass
preoperative
steroids
Hyperthermia
Hyperthyroidism
causes
etiology
Graves disease
intraoperative treatment
preoperative anesthesia evaluation
prevalence
signs and symptoms
thyroid storm
treatment
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
epidemiology and pathophysiology
follow-up
intraoperative considerations
postoperative care
preoperative considerations
signs and symptoms
treatment options
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
clinical findings
diagnosis
emergence
intraoperative management
maintenance
monitors/lines
pathophysiology
postoperative management
preoperative considerations
signs/symptoms
special anesthetic considerations
surgical treatment
Hypervolemia
Hypnosis
Hypocalcemia
Hypoglycemia
Hypotension
decreased cardiac output
hypovolemia
impaired venous return
prebypass
spinal anesthesia
vasodilation
Hypothermia
Hypothyroidism
etiology
intraoperative treatment
postoperative treatment
preoperative anesthesia evaluation
prevalence
primary hypothyroidism
secondary hypothyroidism
signs and symptoms
treatment
Hypoventilation
Hypovolemia
Hypoxemia
airway resistance
alveolar hypoventilation
O2 diffusion
physiological dead space
reduced PiO2
ventricular assist devices
V/Q mismatch
work of breathing
Hypoxia
I
Iatrogenic AI
Ibuprofen
IDDM (see Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus)
Ideal body weight (IBW)
Idiopathic thrombocytopenia
Idiosyncratic reactions
Immune-mediated reactions
Immunosuppression, steroids
Impossible mask ventilation (IMV)
Inadequate postoperative analgesia
Indomethacin
Infective endocarditis (IE) prophylaxis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory neurologic disease
clinical manifestation
induction, anesthesia
maintenance/emergence, anesthesia
neurologic Lyme disease
post-operative considerations
pre-operative considerations
treatment
Inflatable cuff
Informed consent
Infraclavicular block
contraindications
coracoid approach
equipment
evaluation
indications
monitoring
multiple-injection technique
positioning and preparation
postoperative management
risks and complications
surface anatomy
ultrasound-guided infraclavicular block
Inhalational anesthesia
Inhaled anesthetic agents
in clinical use
minimal alveolar concentration, 314t
pharmacodynamics
pharmacokinetics
Inhaled anesthetics
Inhaled beta-2 agonists
Inhaled NO
Inherited and acquired thrombophilias
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
Intensive care unit (ICU)
anesthesia monitoring
anesthetic considerations
indications
technique
Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV)
Internal jugular (IJ) vein
International normalized ratio (INR)
Interscalene block
contraindications
equipment
evaluation
identification
indications
monitoring
needle position
positioning and preparation
postoperative management
risks and complications
superficial needle placement
ultrasound-guided interscalene block
Intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring
Intracranial and neurovascular procedures
carotid endarterectomy
indications
intraoperative anesthetic considerations
postoperative considerations
potential complications
preoperative considerations
surgical procedure
craniotomy
brain biopsy
chiari malformation
DBS electrode placement
endoscopic procedures
epidural hematoma evacuation
hemifacial spasm
intracerebral abscess/empyema
ommaya reservoir
pituitary tumor
seizure focus
stereotactic radiosurgery
subdural hematoma evacuation
traumatic brain injury
trigeminal neuralgia
tumors
vascular lesions
ventriculoperitoneal shunt
neuroanesthesia considerations
emergence
intraoperative considerations
postoperative care
potential complications
preoperative assessment and planning
neuroendovascular procedures
physiology
blood-brain barrier
cerebral edema
cerebral metabolism of oxygen
CPP and CBF
intracranial pressure
Intracranial hypertension (ICH), (see also Intracranial pressure (ICP))
Intracranial pressure (ICP)
cerebrospinal fluid
CSF leak
diagnosis
general principles
and ICH
medical treatment
monitoring
postoperative care
surgical treatment
Intraocular pressure (IOP)
anesthetics
PONV
Intraoperative awareness
detecting episodes
incidence
risk factors
symptoms
Intraoperative cell salvage
Intraoperative hemodynamic management
Intraoperative plan
airway instrumentation
inhalational induction
intravenous access
mask ventilation
MSMAIDS algorithm
neuromuscular blocking agent administration
patient monitors, selection of
preoxygenation
Intrathoracic robot-assisted surgery
Intravenous (IV) access
Intravenous (IV) induction agents
dexmedetomidine
etomidate
ketamine
propofol
thiopental
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)
Intubating laryngeal mask (ILMA)
Intubation (see Endotracheal intubation; Nasotracheal intubation; Orotracheal intubation)
Intussusception
anesthetic management
intraoperative management
monitors/lines/positioning
postoperative management/analgesia
preoperative considerations
clinical findings
pathophysiology
signs/symptoms
treatment
Invasive positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV)
indications
modes
Ischemic heart disease (IHD)
clinical syndromes
angina pectoris
ischemic cardiomyopathy
SCD
subendocardial
transmural
coronary artery disease
induction and maintenance
intraoperative management
postoperative ischemia
postoperative management
preoperative evaluation
epidemiology
modifiable risk factors
nonmodifiable risk factors
essential hypertension
medical therapy
myocardial infarction
complications
severity or extent
pathophysiology
atherosclerosis
atherosclerotic plaque changes
myocardial O2 supply/demand
reperfusion
Ischemic optic neuropathy
Ischemic vascular disease
clinical presentation
non-CEA surgery
emergence/postoperative management
intraoperative management
preoperative considerations
treatment
Isoflurane
Isoproterenol
Isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT)
J
Jackson-Rees circuit
Junctional epidermolysis bullosa
Junctional rhythm
K
Kappa receptors
Ketamine
adenotonsillectomy
adverse effects
cardiovascular system
caudal epidural anesthesia
central nervous system
clinical use
dosing
mechanism of action
myringotomy and ventilation tubes
pharmacokinetics
respiratory system
Ketorolac
Kidney disease
acute kidney failure
anesthetic considerations
intraoperative considerations
postoperative consideration
preoperative considerations
chronic kidney disease
epidemiology
nomenclature update
pathophysiology
Kidney transplantation
intraoperative considerations
postoperative considerations
preoperative considerations
Klippel-Feil syndrome
Knee arthroscopy
Knee surgery
Kyphoplasty
L
Labetalol
Labor analgesia
Lack coaxial system
Lactated Ringers (LR)
Lambert-Beer law
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS)
Laminectomy
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with pulmonary hypertension
anesthetic management
anesthetic technique
diagnosis and evaluation
patient history
patient preparation
perioperative hypotension treatment
perioperative monitoring
physiologic considerations and goals
postoperative management
surgical risks and benefits
Laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery
Laparoscopic surgery
advantages and disadvantages
anesthetic techniques
CO2 subcutaneous emphysema
complications
endobronchial intubation
gas (CO2) embolism
hemodynamic effects
indications and techniques
pathophysiologic effects
patient monitoring
pneumoperitoneum
pneumothorax
postoperative recovery
urologic surgery
ventilatory effects
Large a waves
Large v waves
Laryngeal injury
Laryngeal mask
Laryngeal mask airways (LMA)
advantage
airway emergencies
airway rescue device
completion
complications
contraindications
definition
disadvantage
emergence and removal of
failures of
function
insertion
insertion of
intubation
patient positioning
pediatric anesthesiology
preparation
troubleshooting
types
ventilation
Laryngoscopes
blades
Cormack and Lehane views
GlideScope
Laser surgery
airway fire
airway management
endotracheal intubation
indications
intermittent apnea
jet insufflations
manual ventilation
safety precautions
venturi technique
Lateral position
Lateral tunnel fontan
Latex allergy
Left atrial pressure (LAP) overload
Left ventricle systolic function
ejection fraction
fractional area change
LV SAX area measurement
LVEDV/LVESV
M-mode and fractional shortening
regional wall motion abnormality
SV, CO, cardiac index
TEE image planes
Left ventricular end diastolic volume
Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP)
Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT)
long axis view
pulse wave Doppler
Left-sided DLT insertion
LEMS (see Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome)
Levotransposition of the great arteries (L-GTA)
Lidocaine
Line isolation monitor (LIM)
Lingual branch block
Liposuction
Lithotomy
Liver and biliary tract disease
acute parenchymal liver disease
bile metabolism
carbohydrate metabolism
cholestatic liver disease
chronic parenchymal liver disease
circulation
drug metabolism
endocrine functions
erythopoesis
hepatic cirrhosis
immune function
intraoperative considerations
lipid metabolism
macroscopic anatomy
microscopic anatomy
perioperative risk assessment
physiologic derangements
cardiovascular
central nervous system
gastrointestinal
hematologic dysfunction
metabolic abnormalities
pulmonary
renal dysfunction
postoperative considerations
preoperative considerations
protein synthesis and degradation
Liver failure
Liver transplantation
intraoperative considerations
postoperative management
preoperative checklist
preoperative considerations
preoperative evaluation
Local anesthetic toxicity
Local anesthetics
adverse effects/toxicity
clinical uses
mechanism of action
pharmacokinetics
structure/activity relationships
types
Lorazepam
Loss-of-resistance technique
Low amplitude states
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)
Lower extremity
ankle block (see Ankle block)
femoral nerve block (see Femoral nerve block)
foot and ankle surgery
hip fracture
injury
innervation
lumbar plexus nerves
sacral plexus nerves
knee surgery
lumbar plexus (psoas compartment) block (see Lumbar plexus (psoas compartment) block)
popliteal fossa sciatic nerve block (see Popliteal fossa sciatic nerve block)
proximal sciatic nerve blocks (see Proximal sciatic nerve blocks)
total hip arthroplasty
Low-pressure system
flow control valves
flow meter of
gas flow rate
oxygen flow rate
vaporizers
Lumbar epidural placement
Lumbar plexus (psoas compartment) block
body mass index
contraindications
equipment
evaluation
indications
monitoring
positioning and preparation
postoperative management
risks and complications
surface anatomy
ultrasound-guided LPB
Lumbar plexus nerves
Lung expansion techniques
Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS)
intraoperative anesthetic management
postoperative management
Lyme disease, (see also Inflammatory neurologic disease)
M
Mac vs. Miller blade, uses of
Macintosh blade
Macroshock
Magill circuit, Mapleson A
Magill forceps
Magnesium therapy
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
airway
complications
induction
maintenance
oral contrast
premedication
preoperative evaluation
safety considerations
Mainstream capnometers
Maintenance of surgical anesthesia
analgesia
balanced vs. total IV methods
hypnosis
neuromuscular blockade
Malar hypoplasia
Malignant hyperthermia (MH)
anesthetic care
definition
pathophysiology
signs and symptoms
treatment
follow-up
initial treatment and resuscitation
postoperative care
Mallampati classification scheme
Malleable stylet
Mandibular and pharyngeal hypoplasia
Manual inline immobilization (MILI)
Mapleson circuits
advantages and disadvantages
brain system (Co-axial Mapleson D)
fresh gas flow
Lack system (Coaxial Mapleson A)
Mapleson A–Magill circuit
Mapleson B and C systems
Mapleson D system
Mapleson E and F systems
Marcaine
Marijuana
Mask ventilation
Masseter muscle spasm (MMS)
Massive transfusion and resuscitation
blood product replacement
causes
complications
definition
management goals
mobilization
protocol
Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
Mechanical heart valves
Mechanical ventilation
contraindications
indications
medications
modes
sedation
ventilator settings
Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)
Median nerve block
Median/midline approach
Mediastinoscopy
Medullary paralysis
Meningitis
Meningomyelocele
anesthetic management
interoperative management
monitor/lines
postoperative management/diposition
preoperative considerations
clinical findings
pathophysiology
signs/symptoms
surgical treatment
M-entropy module
MEP (see Motor evoked potentials)
Meperidine
Mepivacaine
Metabolic acidosis
Methadone
Methemoglobinemia
Methohexital
Methylegonavine
Metoclopramide
Metoprolol
Metronidazole
Microdiscectomy
Microshock
Midazolam
Mid-latency auditory evoked potential (MLAEP)
Midline approach, spinal anesthesia
Migraine
Miller blade
Mineralocorticoids
Minimal alveolar concentration (MAC)
Minimally invasive neuroendoscopic surgery
Mitral regurgitation (MR)
anesthetic implications
etiology
induction and maintenance, anesthesia
medical management vs. surgical management
monitoring, anesthesia
natural history
pathophysiology
postoperative management
preoperative considerations
severity grading
signs and symptoms
Mitral stenosis (MS)
anesthetic considerations
anesthetic implications
etiology
intrapartum management goals
medical management vs. surgical management
natural history
pathophysiology
pregnancy considerations
severity grading
signs and symptoms
treatment
Mitral valve
20 standard TEE views
anatomy
evaluation
mitral valve regurgitation
mitral valve stenosis
nomenclature
Mivacurium
Mixed central venous oxygen saturation (ScVO2)
MMS (see Masseter muscle spasm)
Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD)
Modified Brooke formula
Monitored anesthesia care (MAC)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Morphine
Morphine-6-glucuronide
Motor evoked potentials (MEP)
Motor system diseases
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
clinical presentation
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
induction, anesthesia
maintenance and emergence, anesthesia
muscle channelopathy
post-operative considerations
preoperative considerations
Mu receptors
Multiple aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs)
Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome (MEN)
Multiple expired gas analysis
Multiple sclerosis (MS), (see also Central demyelinating diseases)
Murphy eye
Muscle channelopathy
Muscle specific kinase (MuSK)
Muscular dystrophy
anesthetic implications
pathophysiology
signs and symptoms
Musculoskeletal exam
Musculoskeletal HA
MuSK (see Muscle specific kinase)
Mustard procedure
Myalgias, NMB drug
Myasthenia gravis (MG)
anesthetic agents
anesthetic emergence
anesthetic plan
clinical presentation and diagnosis
differential diagnosis
induction and intubation methods
MGFA clinical classification
myasthenic crisis
pathophysiology
peripheral nerve stimulator
postoperative considerations
pregnancy
preoperative evaluation
treatment
types
Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA)
Myocardial contractility, inhaled anesthetics
Myocardial infarction (MI)
arrhythmias
infarct extension
mural thrombus
myocardial rupture
papillary muscle dysfunction
pericarditis
right ventricular infarction
severity or extent
subendocardial
transmural
ventricular aneurysm
Myocardial ischemia
aortic regurgitation
aortic stenosis
pulmonary hypertension
Myocardial oxygen balance, valvular heart disease
Myocardial oxygen supply and demand
Myocardial perfusion
Myotonic dystrophy
Myringotomy and ventilation tubes
anesthetic management
disposition
emergence delirium
inhalation induction
intraoperative management
maintenance and induction
postoperative pain
preoperative evaluation
special anesthetic goals/issues
indication
signs and symptoms
surgical treatment
Myxedema coma (MXC)
N
Nalaxone
Naloxone
Naltrexone
Naproxen
Narcotics
Narcotrend Index Monitor
Naropin
Nasotracheal intubation
contraindications
indications
NASPE/BPEG generic code
defibrillator
pacemaker
National Board of Echocardiography (NBE)
NBE (see National Board of Echocardiography)
Needlestick injury
communication
mechanisms of injury
pathophysiology
prevention
safety devices
sharps management
treatment and management
universal precautions
vaccination
Needle-through-needle technique
Neohepatic phase
Neonatal resuscitation
cognitive aid
considerations and equipment
epinephrine
initial assessment
maternal opioid administration
meconium
nalaxone
NRP algorithm
risk factors
treatment
Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) algorithm
Neostigmine
Nephrectomy
Nephroureterectomy
Nerve disease
anesthetic risk
brain death (see Brain death)
central demyelinating diseases (see Central demyelinating diseases)
cerebellar and basal ganglia diseases (see Cerebellar and basal ganglia diseases)
inflammatory neurologic disease (see Inflammatory neurologic disease)
motor system diseases (see Motor system diseases)
peripheral demyelinating diseases (see Peripheral demyelinating diseases)
Nerve stimulation technique
Nesacaine
Neuraxial anesthesia
Neuroanesthesia
emergence
intraoperative considerations
cerebral protection
fluid and electrolyte management
high venous pressures
ICP management
ICP/CSF drain
induction and maintenance
monitoring
postoperative care
potential complications
bleeding
diabetes insipidus
eye injury
neurogenic pulmonary edema
syndrome of inappropriate ADH
vasospasm
venous air embolus
preoperative assessment and planning
Neuroborreliosis
Neurologic diseases
multiple sclerosis
paraplegia
seizure disorders
Neurologic effect, inhaled anesthesia
Neurological exam
Neuromuscular blocking (NMB)
adverse effects/toxicity
agents
clinical uses
drug interactions
mechanism of action
metabolism
monitoring
reversal of blockade
Neuromuscular effects
Neuromuscular junction (NMJ)
Neuromuscular transmission, physiology of
Neuropathy task force consensus
documentation
equipments
lower extremity positioning
perioperative assessment
postoperative assessment
protective padding
upper extremity positioning
Neurophysiologic monitoring
anesthetic management strategies
evoked potentials
techniques
Neuroradiology
anesthetic considerations
indications
technique
Neurosurgery, steroids
New York Heart Association Classification of Cardiovascular Disease
Nicardipine
NIDDM (see Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus)
Nifedipine
Nissen fundoplication
Nitroglycerin
Nitrous oxide
Nitrous oxide cylinder pressure regulator
Nondepolarizing muscle relaxants
Non-gap acidosis
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV)
advantage and disadvantages
history
indications
modes
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV)
bilevel positive airway pressure
continuous positive airway pressure
criteria
Non-narcotic analgesics
Nonprotein colloids
Nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing
categories
fetal status determination
pathophysiology
risk factors and prevention
treatment and management
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
acetaminophen
adverse effects
adverse effects/toxicity
celecoxib
clinical uses
COX-2 inhibitors
ketorolac
mechanism of action
pharmacokinetics
structure/activity relationships
Norepinephrine
Normal saline (NS)
Normeperidine
Normosol
Normovolemia
hemodilution
maintenance
Normovolemic hemodilution
Norwood procedure
Novocain
NSAIDs (see Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
O
O2 therapy
Obesity
arterial HTN
body mass index
diabetes mellitus
epidemiology
gastroesophageal reflux disease
ideal body weight
obstructive sleep apnea
osteoarthritis
perioperative approach
anesthetic emergence
intraoperative management
preoperative considerations
regional anesthesia
physiologic changes
postoperative pain management
thromboembolic disease
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Obstetrical anesthesia
cervical cerclage
cesarean delivery
common obstetrical nomenclature
emergent hysterectomy
general anesthesia
instrumented vaginal delivery
nonpharmacologic methods
physiologic changes
postpartum tubal ligation
regional anesthesia
systemic pain medications
Obstetrical emergencies
abnormal placentation
nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing
operative vaginal delivery
shoulder dystocia
umbilical cord prolapse
uterine inversion
vaginal birth after cesarean section/uterine rupture
Obstructive apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
diagnosis
discharge criteria
intraoperative management
pathophysiology
postoperative management
preoperative management
prevalence
Obturator nerve
Occupational exposure, volatile anesthetics
Oculocardiac reflex (OCR)
Office-based anesthesia
Oliguria
Omphalocele
anesthetic management
intraoperative management
monitors/lines
postoperative management
preoperative considerations
pathophysiology/embryology
signs/symptoms/clinical findings
surgical treatment
Ondansetron
One-lung ventilation
Operating room (OR)
ASA guidelines
blood exposure
cardiac catheterization laboratory
computed tomography
difficult-to-sedate patients
electrical OR safety
endoscopy suite
fall hazards
high-risk patient
intensive care unit
magnetic resonance imaging
movement disorders
neuroradiology
postoperative care
procedures
transport
volatile anesthetics, occupational exposure
Operative vaginal delivery
Opiates
Opioids
abuse
adenotonsillectomy
adverse effects/toxicity
agonist/antagonists
antagonists
caudal epidural anesthesia
clinical uses
drug interactions
inhalational agents
mechanism of action
neuraxial administration
parenteral administration
structure/activity relationships
transdermal/transmucosal administration
Orchiectomy
Organophosphate poisoning
Orotracheal intubation
Orthopedic surgery
bone cement implication syndrome
comorbid conditions
fat embolus syndrome
lower extremity surgery
optimize surgical exposure
peripheral nerve injury
postoperative analgesia
postoperative considerations
prevent stretch/compression nerve injuries
regional anesthesia
surgical anesthesia
thromboembolic events
tourniquets
upper extremity surgery
Osteoarthritis (OA)
anesthetic considerations
pathophysiology and characteristics
Outpatient anesthesia
office-based anesthesia
perioperative emergencies and transfer
postanesthetic recovery and discharge
risk evaluation
unanticipated inpatient admission
Ovassapian endoscopic oral airway
Oxidative stress
Oximetric PAC
Oxycodone
Oxygen
delivery to tissue
flush valve
pressure failure devices
Oxygen analyzer
Oxygen cylinder pressure regulator
Oxygen failure
Oxygenation
Oxymetazoline
Oxytocin
P
Pacemakers
electromagnetic interference sources
indications
magnet functions
NASPE/BPEG code
nomenclature system
stepwise approach, CRMD
Packed red blood cells (PRBCs)
Padded arm boards
Pain management, pediatric anesthesiology
narcotics
non-narcotic analgesics
regional anesthesia
Pancreatic disease
Pancuronium
Paramedian approach
Parathyroid glands
anatomy/normal function
disorders of
hypercalcemia
primary hyperparathyroidism
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Paravertebral blocks
block evaluation
contraindications
equipment
indications
landmark-based PVB technique
monitoring
positioning and preparation
postoperative management
risks and complications
surface anatomy identification
ultrasound-guided PVB technique
Paresthesia
Paresthesia-seeking technique
Parkland formula
Passive scavenging systems
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
clinical findings
intraoperative management
monitors/lines
pathophysiology
postoperative management
preoperative evaluation
signs/symptoms
treatment
PCWP (see Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure)
Peak airway pressure
Pediatric anesthesia
airway exchange catheters
hematology
maximum allowable blood loss
propofol determination
routine airway management
single-lung ventilation
vascular access
vital signs and weight
Pediatric anesthesiology
airway management
asthma
cardiovascular
congenital heart disease
deep extubation
dermatology
emergence agitation
ethical and legal considerations
ex-premature infant
gastrointestinal
hematology
hepatorenal
inhalational induction
narcotics
non-narcotic analgesics
postoperative nausea and vomiting
preoperative labs
regional anesthesia
respiratory
separation anxiety
skeletal muscle relaxation
stridor
upper respiratory infection
vascular access
Pediatric cardiac arrest
bag-valve-mask
breathing
chest compressions
defibrillation
endotracheal intubation
etiology of
Pediatric difficult airway
anticipated difficult airway
choanal atresia
epiglottis
evaluation
failed airway
guidelines
larynx position
malar hypoplasia
mandibular and pharyngeal hypoplasia
oxygenation
special techniques/situations
subglottic area
tongue
Treacher-Collins Syndrome
unanticipated difficult airway
vocal cords
Pediatric dosing
Pediatric pharmacology
Pediatric resuscitation
Pediatric robot-assisted surgery
Penicillin (PCN)
allergy to
crossreactivity
Pentax AWS blade
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
chronic ulcer disease
pathophysiology
Percutaneous balloon valvotomy (PBV)
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
Perineural infusion regimens
Perioperative fluid management
acute respiratory distress syndrome
anuric renal failure
body fluid compartments
burns
cerebral edema
congestive heart failure
continuous goal-directed fluid management
fluid types (see Colloids; Crystalloids)
intracranial neurosurgical patients
intraoperative fluid requirements
laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery
liposuction
liver failure
lung resection
massive trauma
neonates
preeclampsia
Perioperative insulin management
blood glucose
continuous IV insulin infusion protocol
hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia
oral diabetes medications
pharmacologic properties
Perioperative steroid supplementation
Perioperative transesophageal echocardiography (PTEeXAM)
Peripartum cardiomyopathy
Peripheral demyelinating diseases
acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
clinical presentation
induction, anesthesia
maintenance/emergence, anesthesia
post-operative considerations
pre-operative considerations
Peripheral intravenous insertion
Peripheral nerve block (PNB)
adjuncts
benefits of
coagulopathy
contraindications
local anesthetics
nerve anatomy
nerve stimulation techniques
paresthesia-seeking technique
risks of
ultrasound-guided technique
Peripheral nerve injury
Peripheral neuropathy
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
anesthetic goals
aortic arteriotomy
cardiac intervention
epidemiology
fluid management
general anesthesia
interventional/surgical treatment
medical therapy
monitoring
neuraxial anesthesia/analgesia
pathophysiology
postoperative care
preoperative considerations
regional techniques
revascularization
signs and symptoms
surgical intervention planning
temperature control
Permissive hypercapnea
Peroneal nerve
Perphenazine
Persistent neuromuscular blockade
Persistent neuropathy
Pethick test
Pharmacogenetics
Pharmacokinetics
benzodiazapines
dexmedetomidine
etomidate
inhaled anesthetic agents
ketamine
local anesthetics
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
ondansetron
propofol
steroids
thiopental
Pharmacology
CPNB, perineural infusion
drug absorption
drug administration
drug distribution
drug elimination
drug–drug interactions
epidural anesthesia
block duration determinates
block spread determinates
pediatric pharmacology
pharmacogenetics
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles
PONV
corticosteroids
D2 antagonists
H2 antagonists
M1 antagonist
NK1 antagonist
serotonin (5HT3) receptor
transport across membranes
Phencyclidine
Phenoxybenzamine
Phenylephrine
Phenylephrine spray
Phosphate
hyperphosphatemia
hypophosphatemia
Photoplethysmography
Physiologic deadspace
Physiologic homeostasis
endocrine
hemodynamic parameters
neurologic
renal
respiratory
temperature
Physostigmine
Pierre Robin sequence
Pin Index Safety System
Pink puffers
Pipeline failure
Piperacillin/tazobactam
Pituitary disease
Pituitary disorders
anatomy
anesthesiologists
hypersecretory
hyposecretory
physiology
surgery and anesthetic considerations
Placental abnormalities
Plain angioplasty
Platelet disorders
Platelets
Pneumatic alarm devices
Pneumocephalus
Pneumoperitoneum
Pneumothorax
Polocaine
Polycythemia vera (PV)
Polyuria
Pontocaine
Popliteal fossa sciatic nerve block
contraindications
equipment
evaluation
indications
monitoring
positioning and preparation
postoperative management
risks and complications
stimulating technique
surface anatomy
ultrasound-guided popliteal sciatic nerve block
Positioning complications
eye injury
lower extremity injuries
neuropathy task force consensus
peripheral neuropathy
upper extremity injuries
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
Positive pressure ventilation
Post anesthesia care unit (PACU)
admission and monitoring
ASA standards
cardiac complications
discharge criteria
neurological problems
phases
postoperative nausea/vomiting
postoperative pain
renal issues
respiratory complications
staffing models
Postdural puncture headache (PDPH)
conservative treatment
differential diagnosis
epidural blood patch (see Epidural blood patch)
headache incidence
intrathecal catheter
natural course
pathophysiology
patient evaluation
spinal anesthesia
symptoms
Postganglionic fibers
Post-op ventilation
acute respiratory distress
extubation criteria
general considerations
noninvasive ventilation
surgery specific considerations
Postoperative blindness
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)
antiemetics
laparoscopic surgery
molecular mechanism
postanesthetic recovery and discharge
prevalence and risk stratification
risk factors
treatment and prevention
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)
coagulation defects
definition
placental abnormalities
retained product conception
risk factors
uterine atony
uterine inversion
Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema (PPE)
Post-tonsillectomy bleeding
Potassium
hyperkalemia
hypokalemia
Potts shunt
Power failure
Preanesthesia assessment
airway complications
airway examination
anesthesia complications
ASA
physical status classification
recommendations
basic standards, ASA
cardiac disease
chest radiograph
electrocardiogram
laboratory assessments
patient medical history
physical examination
pulmonary aspiration prevention
pulmonary disease
surgical complications
Preanesthesia machine checkout
Preanhepatic phase
blood loss
blood products
coagulation
electrolyte management
induction and maintenance
infectious concerns
intravenous therapy
monitoring
normothermia maintenance
Pre-bypass hypertension
Pre-bypass hypotension
Prednisone
Preeclampsia
complications
risks
Preganglionic fibers
Pregnancy
coexisting disease
cardiac disease
definition
dermatologic disorders
endocrine disease
epidemiology
hematologic diseases
neurologic diseases
obesity
posttransplant patients
pulmonary disease
hypertension
analgesia
anesthesia
antihypertensives
classifications
intraoperative
postoperative
preoperative
nonobstetric surgery
physiologic changes
Premature infant
airways
anesthetic management
cardiovascular system
central nervous system
fluid, electrolytes, and nutrition
gastroenteric system
hematologic system
preanesthetic evaluation
respiratory system
temperature regulation
Preoperative assessment
general anesthesia
history and physical examination
local anesthesia
monitored anesthesia care
neuraxial anesthesia
peripheral nerve block
Preoxygenation
Pressure gradients (PG)
Pressure half-time (PHT)
Pressure overload
aortic regurgitation
aortic stenosis
Pressure support ventilation (PSV)
Pressure-control ventilation
Pressure-cycled ventilation (PCV)
Prilocaine
Primary adrenal insufficiency
Procaine
Processed EEG and awareness monitoring
depth of anesthesia monitor
detecting, prevention for
intraoperative awareness
postoperative outcomes
Prochlorperazine
Procoagulant medication
antifibrinolytics
desmopressin (DDAVP)
protamine
recombinant factor VIIa
Promethazine
Prone position
Propofol
antiemetic properties
cardiovascular system
central nervous system
clinical use
inhalational agents
mechanism of action
pharmacokinetics
respiratory system
Propoxyphene
Propranolol
ProSeal LMA
Prostaglandin F2α
Prosthetic valves
anticoagulation
bioprothetic
high-risk patients
low-risk patients
mechanical
recommended prophylactic anticoagulation
Protamine
Protein colloids
Prothrombin time (PT)
Proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) technique
Proximal sciatic nerve blocks
classic transgluteal technique
contraindications
equipment
evaluation
indications
infragluteal parabiceps (subgluteal) technique
monitoring
positioning and preparation
postoperative management
risks and complications
surface anatomy
ultrasound-guided subgluteal technique
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Psychiatric diseases
bipolar disorder
depression
behavioral therapy
pharmacotherapy
electroconvulsive therapy
contraindications
description and procedure
hemodynamic effects
indications and mechanism
induction
intraoperative considerations
muscle relaxants
nondepolarizing muscle relaxants
physiologic responses
postoperative concerns
preoperative evaluation
respiratory management
schizophrenia
PT (see Prothrombin time)
PTEeXAM (see Perioperative transesophageal echocardiography)
Pulmonary artery banding
Pulmonary artery (PA) catheter
cardiac output
catheter placement
complications
contraindications
evidence
hemodynamic parameter
indications
PCWP
SVO2
technical considerations
waveform interpretation
Pulmonary artery catheters (PAC)
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)
Pulmonary disease
Pulmonary embolism (PE)
anticoagulation
diagnosis
fibrinolysis with tissue plasminogen activator
inferior vena cava
pathophysiology
prevalence
prophylaxis
risk factors
treatment objectives
Pulmonary exam
Pulmonary function changes, spinal anesthesia
Pulmonary function testing
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) (see also Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with pulmonary hypertension)
anesthetic type
classification
definitions
etiology
fluid management
hemodynamic management
induction, anesthesia
maintenance, anesthesia
monitoring
pathophysiology
patient evaluation
postoperative management
preoperative evaluation
sedation
surgical and anesthetic risks
symptoms
ventilator management
Pulmonary regurgitation (PR)
etiology
management considerations
pathophysiology
Pulmonary stenosis
clinical symptoms
etiology
management considerations
pathophysiology
Pulmonary toileting
Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
Pulsatile devices
Pulse oximetry
accuracy
dyshemoglobinemias
Lambert-Beer law
limitations
types
working principle
Pulse wave Doppler
Pulseless electrical activity
PVR (see Pulmonary vascular resistance)
Pyridostigmine
Q
Quantitative echocardiography
diastolic function
Doppler measurements of PGs
LV systolic function
myocardial function
R
Radial artery catheterization
Radial nerve block
Radical prostatectomy
access and anesthetic technique
complications
indications
positioning and monitoring
preoperative considerations
Radiofrequency ablations
anesthetic considerations
indications
technique
Rapid sequence induction (RSI)
Rashkind procedure
Rastelli procedure
Reactive airway disease (see Asthma)
Recombinant factor VIIa (RFVIIa)
Recombinant human erythropoietin
Red blood cell (RBC)
Red-man syndrome
Regional analgesia
Regional anesthesia (RA)
anticoagulated patient
cesarean delivery
orthopedic surgery
pediatric anesthesiology
Regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA)
Remifentanil
Remifentanil infusion
Renal effects, inhaled anesthetic agents
Reserve E cylinders
Reservoir breathing bag (RBB)
Respiratory complications
airway obstruction
hypoventilation/hypercarbia
hypoxemia
Respiratory depression
Respiratory distress syndrome
Respiratory failure
Respiratory rehabilitation
Respiratory system
inhaled anesthetic agents
ketamine
propofol
thiopental
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM)
epidemiology and pathophysiology
follow-up
intraoperative considerations
postoperative care
preoperative considerations
signs and symptoms
treatment options
Restrictive lung disease
causes of
definition
intraoperative considerations
pathophysiology
postoperative considerations
preoperative considerations
Retained placenta
anesthetic considerations
pathophysiology
risk factors
treatment/management
Retinal artery/vein occlusion
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection
Reverse transcriptase
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
anesthetic considerations
associated organ system involvement
cardiovascular
hematologic
hepatic
musculoskeletal (joint involvement)
renal
respiratory
pathophysiology and characteristics
treatment
Rigid bronchoscopy
Robotic surgery
contraindications
indication
intraoperative access, patient
patient positioning
patient preparation and monitoring
potential complications
surgical system
Rocuronium
Ropivacaine
Rule of Nines
children
TBSA
S
Sacral plexus nerves
Saline versus albumin fluid evaluation (SAFE) trial
Saphenous nerve
Scavenging system
Schizophrenia
Sciatic nerve
Scopolamine
Second gas effect
Sedation
Seldinger technique
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Senning procedure
Sensory dermatomes
Sensory loss
Sensory/motor neuropathy
Separation anxiety
Septic shock
intraoperative management
medications
past medical history
patient history
physical examination
postoperative management
preoperative evaluation and preparation
central venous cannulation
central venous pressure measurement
epinephrine and phenylephrine
etiology
hemodynamic dysfunction
hemodynamic instability management algorithm
inotropes and vasopressors
intravascular volume
Otto Frank pressure-volume loop diagram
physiologic response of the heart
Starling ventricular function curves
vascular dilation
Serotonin receptor antagonists
Sevoflurane
Shivering
Shoulder dystocia
Shunt procedures
Sickle cell anemia
Sickle cell disease (SCD)
diagnosis
etiology
hemoglobin
pathophysiology
perioperative considerations
physiologic changes
prevalence
signs and symptoms
Sidestream capnometers
Simpson’s method
Single-lung ventilation
Sleep
Smoking cessation
COPD
restrictive lung disease
SNAP II
Sniffing position
Soda lyme
Sodium
hypernatremia
hyponatremia
Sodium nitroprusside
Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP)
Spina bifida cystica
Spina bifida occulta
Spinal anesthesia
contraindications
equipment
indications
local anesthesia
pharmacology
risks and complications
spinal cord, anatomy
technique
Spinal dysraphism
Spinal fusion
Spinal needle insertion technique
Spine surgery
anatomy
cervical spine
intervertebral discs
lumbar spine
spinal cord
spinal nerves
thoracic spine
33 vertebrae
pathology
ankylosing spondylitis
osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
spinal cord compression
spinal cord transection
perioperative approach
intraoperative considerations
postoperative considerations
preoperative considerations
procedures
Spirometry
Spontaneous ventilation
Bain system (co-axial Mapleson D)
Mapleson A–Magill circuit
Mapleson D system
Mapleson E and F system
SSEP (see Somatosensory evoked potentials)
Standard ASA monitors
arterial blood pressure
carbon dioxide
ECG
multiple expired gas analysis
oxygen analyzer
pulse oximetry
standard I
standard II
temperature
Starling curves
Steering technique
Stenting
Steroids
adrenal insufficiency, (see also Adrenal insufficiency)
adverse effects/toxicity
classification
clinical uses, anesthesiology
mechanism of action
pharmacokinetics
physiologic effects
regulation
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
STOP-BANG screening tool
Strict sterile technique
Stylet
Eschmann
introducer
Malleable
Subarachnoid hematoma
Subclavian vein
Subdural hematoma
Subendocardial infarction
Succinylcholine
Sudden cardiac death (SCD)
Sufentanil
Sulfhemoglobinemia
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
Superior laryngeal nerve block
Superior vena cava (SVC)
Supine position
Supraclavicular block
contraindications
equipment
evaluation
indications
monitoring
plumb-bob technique
positioning and preparation
postoperative management
risks and complications
surface anatomy
ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block
Supraglottic airway device (see also Laryngeal mask airways (LMA))
advantages
combitube
flexible FOI, LMA-Classic
intubating LMA
limitations
LMA, contraindications
LMA-ProSeal and LMA-Supreme
Supraventricular dysrhythmias
atrial fibrillation
atrial flutter
junctional rhythm
supraventricular tachycardia
Supraventricular tachycardia
Supreme LMA
Surgical anesthesia
Surgical patient positioning
complications
factors affecting
guidelines
lateral
lithotomy
prone
proper positioning
supine
Surgical site infection (SSI) prophylaxis
Swan-Ganz catheter
Symptomatic bradycardia
Synthetic steroids
Systemic failure
Systemic hypotension
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
anesthetics
intraoperative
postoperative
preoperative
definition
drug-induced SLE
epidemiology
organ involvement
pathophysiology
treatment
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
T
Tachycardia
Tamponade
TBSA (see Total body surface area)
TEG (see Thromboelastogram)
Temporomandibular joints (TMJ)
Tension pneumothorax
Tertiary AI
Tetany
Tetracaine
Tetralogy of fallot (TOF)
Thalassemia
Thionamides
Thiopental
cardiovascular system
central nervous system
clinical use
mechanism of action
pharmacokinetics
respiratory system
Thoracic anesthesia
anesthetic management
endoscopic procedures
general anesthesia
hypoxemia
lung volume reduction surgery
lung volumes and capacities
one-lung ventilation
positioning
postoperative management
preoperative assessment and management
pulmonary ventilation and perfusion
regional analgesia
tracheal resection and reconstruction
video-assisted thoracic surgery
Thoracic aortic aneurysms
airway management
anterograde cerebral perfusion
circulatory arrest
coagulopathy
Crawford classification
definition and etiology
fluid management
induction, anesthesia
intraoperative considerations
partial bypass/left heart bypass
preoperative considerations
renal protection
spinal cord protection/neurologic protection
surgical and anesthetic complications
surgical considerations
surgical intervention
Thoracic injury
blunt cardiac
cardiac tamponade
dysrhythmias
myocardial ischemia
Thoracic robotic surgery
Thoracic surgery
Three-axes theory
Thrombin time (TT)
Thrombocytopenia
Thromboelastogram (TEG)
clot formation
maximum amplitude (MA)
normal and abnormal
Thromboelastography
Thromboembolic disease
Thrombolytic medications
Thrombosis
myocardial infarction
pulmonary embolus
Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP-HUS)
Thrombus formation
Thymectomy
Thyroid disease
complications
hyperthyroidism
causes
etiology
Graves disease
intraoperative treatment
preoperative anesthesia evaluation
prevalence
signs and symptoms
thyroid storm
treatment
hypothyroidism
etiology
intraoperative treatment
postoperative treatment
preoperative anesthesia evaluation
prevalence
primary hypothyroidism
secondary hypothyroidism
signs and symptoms
treatment
myxedema coma
T3 and T4
TSH and TRH
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Thyroid storm (TS)
catecholamine secretion
mortality rates
symptoms
treatment and resuscitation
Thyrotropin
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Thyroxine (T4)
Tidal volume
Timolol
Tissue Doppler
TMJ (see Temporomandibular joints)
Tonsillectomy
Total body surface area (TBSA)
Total body water (TBW)
Total hip arthroplasty
coronary artery disease
anesthesia selection
antibiotic prophylaxis
general anesthesia management
intraoperative management
myocardial oxygen supply and demand
patient history
patient monitoring
postoperative management
preoperative assessment and management
lower extremity surgery
Total intravenous anesthetic (TIVA)
Total iron binding capacity (TIBC)
Total knee arthoplasty
Total spinal anesthesia
Toxicity
anticholinesterase agents
benzodiazapines
glucocorticoids
local anesthetics
neuromuscular blocking drugs
opioids
Toxins
Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)
anesthetic management
intraoperative management
monitors/lines
preoperative considerations
clinical findings
monitors/lines
pathophysiology/anatomy
postoperative management
signs/symptoms
surgical treatment
Train of four (TOF) stimulation
Tramadol
mechanism of action
metabolism
Tranexemic acid (TA)
Transdermal scopolamine
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)
adult cardiac surgery
aortic valve
anatomy
aortic regurgitation
aortic valve stenosis
ASE/SCA 20 TEE views
ASE/SCA 20 view exam
contraindications
coronary artery disease
credentialing
equipment
general indications
ICU patient, management
intracardiac masses and embolic assessment
mitral valve
20 standard TEE views
anatomy
evaluation
mitral valve regurgitation
mitral valve stenosis
nomenclature
normal values
quantitative echocardiography (see Quantitative echocardiography)
risks and complications
surgical intervention, cardiac complications
Transfusion
acute hemolytic reaction
delayed hemolytic reaction
human error
infectious risks
reactions
transfusion related acute lung injury
Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI)
Transient neurologic symptoms (TNS)
Transmural infarction
Transplant surgery, steroids
Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE)
Transtracheal nerve block
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
anesthetic techniques
complications
indications
monitoring
positioning
TURP syndrome
Transversus abdominis plane blocks
block evaluation
contraindications
equipment
indications
landmark-based TAP block
monitoring
positioning and preparation
postoperative management
risks and complications
surface anatomy identification
ultrasound-guided TAP block
Trauma
airway management
anesthetic agents
brain injury
damage control
fluid resuscitation
induction agents
initial assessment
intraoperative awareness
ketamine
monitoring
muscle relaxants
nitrous oxide
opioids
spinal cord injury
thoracic injury
Treacher Collins syndrome
Trendelenburg position
Tricuspid atresia
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR)
Tricuspid stenosis (TS)
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane (THAM)
Truncal blocks
paravertebral blocks (see Paravertebral blocks)
transversus abdominis plane blocks (see Transversus abdominis plane blocks)
Truncus arteriosus
TT (see Thrombin time)
TTE (see Transthoracic echocardiography)
Tumescent technique
Two-dimensional (2D) TEE probe
U
Ulcerative colitis
Ulnar nerve
Ulnar nerve block
Ultrasound equipment
Ultrasound-guided ankle block
Ultrasound-guided axillary block
Ultrasound-guided distal upper extremity
Ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block
Ultrasound-guided infraclavicular block
Ultrasound-guided interscalene block
Ultrasound-guided paravertebral blocks technique
Ultrasound-guided popliteal fossa sciatic nerve block
Ultrasound-guided posterior lumbar plexus block
Ultrasound-guided subgluteal sciatic block
Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block
Ultrasound-guided TAP block
Ultrasound-guided technique, CPNB
Ultrasound waves
Umbilical cord prolapse
Unilateral epidural anesthesia
Unique LMA
Upper airway
Upper extremity
anesthetic considerations
axillary block (see Axillary block)
distal upper extremity peripheral nerve blocks (see Distal upper extremity peripheral nerve blocks)
hand and elbow surgery
infraclavicular block (see Infraclavicular block)
injury
innervation
interscalene block (see Interscalene block)
regional anesthetic techniques
shoulder surgery
supraclavicular block (see Supraclavicular block)
Upper respiratory infection (URI)
Urologic surgery
cystectomy
cystoscopy
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
laparoscopic surgery
nephrectomy
nephroureterectomy
orchiectomy
radical prostatectomy
retroperitoneal lymph node dissection
transurethral resection of the prostate
Uterine atony
Uterine inversion
Uterine laceration
Uterine rupture
V
V4 lead, myocardial ischemia detection
“v” wave
Vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC)
Valvular heart disease
antibiotic prophylaxis, endocarditis
aortic regurgitation
aortic stenosis
mechanical heart valves
mitral regurgitation
mitral stenosis
patient care principles
prosthetic valves
pulmonary valve disease
tricuspid valve disease
Valvular repair
Vancomycin
Vaporizers
Variable-bypass vaporizers
Vasoactive drugs
Vasodilators
Vaso-occlusive crises (VOC)
Vasopressin
Vecuronium
Venous air embolus
Venous sinus thrombosis
Ventilation, laryngeal mask airway
Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatching
Ventilator management
Ventilator settings
fraction of inspired oxygen
inspiratory to expiratory ratio
peak airway pressure
plateau pressures
positive end-expiratory pressure
respiratory rate
tidal volume
Ventilatory failure
anatomic causes
gas exchange abnormalities
muscular causes
neurologic causes
pleura disorders
Ventilatory management
Ventricular assist devices (VADs)
ACLS
anesthetic plan
arrhythmias
bleeding
coordination
device failure
device management
hemodynamic instability
histology
hypoxemia
intraoperative complications
long-term support
monitoring, anesthesia
parts
perioperative approach
postoperative considerations
preoperative checklist
short-term support
Ventricular dysrhythmia
premature ventricular contraction
Torsades de pointes
ventricular fibrillation
ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular fibrillation
Ventricular tachycardia
Video laryngoscopes (VLs)
description
ETT placement
steering vs. channeled
types
uses of
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)
Vigilance
Viral transmission, blood transfusion
Volatile anesthetics
Volume overload
aortic regurgitation
mitral regurgitation
Volume-cycled ventilation (VCV)
assist-controlled
assisted
controlled
intermittent mechanical ventilation
volume control
Von Willebrand disease (VWD)
W
Warfarin
Water disturbances
hypervolemia
hypovolemia
total body water
Water, electrolyte, and acid/base disturbances
arrhythmias
calcium
enzymatic function
gap acidosis
hemodynamic changes
hypervolemia
hypovolemia
incidence/prevalence
metabolic acidosis
non-gap acidosis
phosphate
potassium
sodium
total body water
work of breathing
Waterston shunt
Waveform analysis
Waveform interpretation, PA catheter
Whipple procedure
Williams endoscopic oral airway
Wire crichothyroidotomy
X
“x” descent
Xylocaine
Y
“y” descent
Z
Zollinger–Ellison (ZE) syndrome
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