CHAPTER 11 Opioids
1 What is an opiate? An opioid? A narcotic?
Opiates are analgesic and sedative drugs that contain opium or an opium derivative from the poppy plant (Papaver somniferum). Opiates include opium, morphine, and codeine.
An opioid is any substance with morphinelike activity that acts as an agonist or antagonist at an opioid receptor. Opioids may be exogenous or endogenous (such as the endorphins) and may be natural, derived, or completely synthetic.
4 Name the opioids commonly used in the perioperative setting, their trade names, equivalent morphine doses, half-lives, and chemical classes
5 Describe the various opioid receptors and their effects
Opioid Receptor Subtype | Agonists | Agonist Response |
---|---|---|
Mu-1 (μ-1) | ||
Mu-2 (μ-2) | ||
Kappa (κ) | ||
Delta (δ) | ||
Sigma (σ) (no longer classified as opioid receptor) | Pentazocine |
Modified from Stoelting RK, Miller RD: Basics of Anesthesia, ed 4, New York, 2000, Churchill Livingstone, p 71.